Biochemical characterization

Girsch, S., Herring, P. J., and McCapra, F. (1976). Structure and preliminary biochemical characterization of the bioluminescent system of Ommas-trephes pteropus (Steenstrup) (Mollusca Cephalopoda). J. Mar. Biol. Ass., U.K. 56 707-722. 

Biochemical characterization of clathrin-coated vesicles revealed that their major coat components are clathrin and various types of adaptor complexes. Clathrin assembles in triskelions that consist of three heavy chains of approximately 190 kDa and three light chains of 30 40 kDa. Four types of adaptor complexes have been identified to date, AP-1, AP-2, AP-3 and AP-4 (AP for adaptor protein). Whereas AP-1, AP-3 and AP-4 mediate sorting events at the TGN and/or endosomes, AP-2 is involved in endocytosis at the plasma membrane. Each adaptor complex is a hetero-tetrameric protein complex, and the term adaptin was extended to all subunits of these complexes. One complex is composed of two large adaptins (one each of y/a/S/s and [31-4, respectively, 90-130 kDa), one medium adaptin (pi -4, <50 kDa), and one small adaptin (ol-4, <20 kDa). In contrast to AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3, which interact directly with clathrin and are part of the clathrin-coated vesicles, AP-4 seems to be involved in budding of a certain type of non-clathrin-coated vesicles at the TGN. 

The recent explosion in the discovery of new myosin genes has led to the idea that myosins from different classes probably co-exist in cells. This has raised the obvious question as to what functions these myosins subserve within cells. Up to now, only the genes have been cloned for many of the 35 unique myosins. But this is not a question that can be answered solely by cloning rather, it is absolutely imperative to biochemically characterize these proteins if we are to understand their physiological properties. One way to do this is to express the entire protein or parts of the proteins in bacteria, yeast, or insect cells, and to then purify and characterize... 

Molecular and biochemical characterization of novel sequences and proteins... 

Teichmann T. Guan C. Kristoffersen P. Muster G. Tietz O. Palme K. (1997) Cloning and biochemical characterization of an anionic peroxidase from Zea mays / Eur. J. Biochem. V. 247. P. 826-832. 

Margosiak SA, Vanderpool DL, Sisson W, Pinko C, Kan CC (1996) Dimerization of the human cytomegalovirus protease kinetic and biochemical characterization of the catalytic homodimer. Biochemistry 35 5300-5307... 

Das K, Xiong X, Yang H, Westland CE, Gibbs CS, Sarafianos SG, Arnold E (2001) Molecular modeling and biochemical characterization reveal the mechanism of hepatitis B virus polymerase resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and emtricitabine (ETC), J Virol 75 4771 779... 

Hu, K.Q. et al.. The biochemical characterization of ferret carotene-9,10 -monooxygenase catalyzing cleavage of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo, J. Biol. Chem., 281, 19327, 2006. 

Bramley, P. et al.. Biochemical characterization of transgenic tomato plants in which carotenoid synthesis has been inhibited through the expression of antisense RNA to pTOM5, Plant J. 2 (3), 343, 1992. 

In this paper an overview is given of all die work that is performed on the enzyme RhaninoGalacturonase by different groups (Quest Naarden, URL-Vlaardingen and LUW). The project was focussed on different areas concerning molecular biology, fermentation technology and biochemical characterization of ihamno acturonase. Also the functionality of this enzyme in different plication areas was studied. 

Durham DR, CG McNamee, DP Stewart (1984) Dissimilation of aromatic compounds in Rhodotorula grami-nis biochemical characterization of pleiotrophically negative mutants. J Bacteriol 160 771-777. 

Gao X, CL Tan, CC Yeo, CL P (2005) Molecular and biochemical characterization of the x/ D-encoded 3-hydroxybenzoate 6 hydroxylase involved in the degradation of 2,5-xylenol via the gentisate pathway in Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIMB 9S61. J Bacterial 187 7696-7702. 

Louie TM, CM Webster, L Xun (2002) Genetic and biochemical characterization of a 2,4,6-trichlorophenol degradation pathway in Ralstonia eutropha JMP134. J Bacterial 184 3492-3500. 

Graentzdoerffer A, D Rauh, A Pich, JR Andreesen (2003) Molecular and biochemical characterization of two tungsten-and selenium-containing formate dehydrogenases from Eubacterium acidamophilum that are associated with components of an iron-only hydogenase. Arch Microbiol 179 116-130. 

Schleissner C, ER Olivera, M Eernandez-Valverde, M Luengo (1994) Aerobic catabolism of phenylacetic acid in Pseudomonas putida U biochemical characterization of a specific phenylacetic acid transport system and formal demonstration that phenylacetyl-coenzyme A is a catabolic intermediate. J Bacterial 176 7667-7676. 

Mott GE, AW Brinkley, CL Mersinger (1980) Biochemical characterization of cholesterol-reducing Eubacterium. Appl Environ Microbiol 40 1017-1022. 

Suarez M, E Ferrer, M Martin (1996) Purification and biochemical characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase from Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al. EEMS Microbiol Lett 143 89-95. 

Beil S, B Happe, KN Timmis, DH Pieper (1997) Genetic and biochemical characterization of the broad spectrnm chlorobenene dioxygenase from Burkholderia sp. strain PS12. Dechlorination of 1,2,4,5-tetrachlorobenzene. Eur J Biochem 247 190-199. 

Otto, K., Hofstetter, K., Rothlisherger, M., Witholt, B., Schmid, A. (2004) Biochemical Characterization ofStyAB from Pseudomonas sp strain VLB120 as a Two-Component Flavin-Diffusible Monooxygenase. Journal of Bacteriology, 186(16), 5292-5302. 

Schroder JM, Mrowietz U, Morita E, Christophers E. Purification and partial biochemical characterization of a human monocyte-derived, neutrophil-activating peptide that lacks interleukin 1 activity. J Immunol 1987 139 3474-3483. 

The diagnosis of PK deficiency depends on the determination of quantitative enzyme activity or qualitative abnormalities of the enzyme. In 1979, the International Committee for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH) established methods for the biochemical characterization of red blood cell PK variants (M22). Since the establishment of these methods, many PK-deficient cases have been characterized, including 13 cases of homozygous PK deficiency. Residual red blood cell PK activity is not usually associated with phenotypic severity,whereas enzymatic characteristics such as decreased substrate affinity, thermal instability, or impaired response to the allosteric activator fructose-1,6-diphosphate (F-1,6-DP) correspond to a more severe phenotype. 

Rossomando, A. J., Saanghcra, J. S., Marsden, L. A., Weber, M. J., Pelech, S. L., and Sturgill, T. W. (1991). Biochemical characterization of a family of serine/threonine protein kinases regulated by tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation. J. Biol. Chem. 266 20270-20275. 

JR Riordan, V Ling. (1985). Genetic and biochemical characterization of multidrug resistance. Pharmacol Ther 28 51-75. 

Zhou BN, Johnson RK, Mattern MR, et al. Isolation and biochemical characterization of a new topoisomerase I inhibitor from Ocotea leucoxylon. J Nat Prod 2000 63 217-221. 

Prado-Cabrero, A., A. F. Estrada et al. (2007). Identification and biochemical characterization of a novel carotenoid oxygenase Elucidation of the cleavage step in the Fusarium carotenoid pathway. Mol. Microbiol. 64(2) 448 160. 

Guoa, M., Hang, H. and Zhua, T. (2008) Effect of glycosylation on biochemical characterization of recombinant phytase expressed in Pichia pastoris. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 42, 340-345. 

Becker, J.E., Moore, R.E. and Moore, B.S. (2004) Cloning, sequencing, and biochemical characterization of the nostocyclopeptide biosynthetic gene cluster molecular basis for imine macrocyclization. Gene, 325, 35 42. 

Madi, A., Punyiczki, M., DiRao, M., Piacentini, M. and Fesus, L. (1998) Biochemical characterization and localization of transglutaminase in wild-type and cell-death mutants of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. European Journal of Biochemistry 253, 583—590. 

---