Biomass yields

Critical concentrations of elements in plants have been defined by Beckett and Davis (1977) and Davis and Beckett (1978) as those concentrations which cause toxic reactions and reduce yield (biomass). They presented yield curves of plants grown in the presence of toxic metals ... 

At HNEI high-yield biomass charcoals were produced in two reactors with similar configurations and operating procedures. The process development unit (PDU) has an internal volume of 80 L and can produce as much as 10 kg of charcoal per cycle (6). Because the pyrolytic reactions which transform biomass to charcoal are exothermic (8), the pilot plant requires little heat input. The laboratory reactor (9) is a pressure vessel with an internal volume of 7.2 L. At the bottom of this reactor there... 

The N. rustica hairy roots were successfully grown in a packed-bed fermentor, yielding biomass densities (DW) of 10 g/liter (90). The growth rate was comparable with a cell suspension culture. The fermentor was operated as a batch fermentor for 11 days, after which is was run as a continuous culture. Nicotine was isolated from the medium during the continuous operation. The alkaloid production rate was estimated to be 1.54 mg/liter/day during this phase. To improve the release of alkaloids by the hairy roots, a continuous removal of the alkaloids from the medium with XAD-4 as an adsorbent was tested. Hairy roots cultured in flasks did not produce more alkaloids in the presence of sachets with XAD-4. However, the amount of alkaloid released into the medium increased in other words, the accumulation ratio was affected by the adsorbent. 

Comparison of starch yield, biomass recovery and fresh water needs in different wheat processing techniques... 

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