Chronic lung damage

Short-term non-invasive biomarkers for processes producing long-term lung damage-evaluation of the feasibility of candidate measurement systems. Toxicokinetic models have been developed to determine whether breath analysis of pentane and ethane can be used to estimate chronic lung damage from toxicants. 

There are several major types of chronic lung disorders that can be caused by exposure to toxicants. A common symptom of chronic lung damage is chronic bronchitis. Among the toxicants that cause this condition are ammonia, arsenic, cotton dust (brown lung disease), and iron oxide from exposure to welding fumes. 

Simila, S., Linna, O., Lanning, P., Heikkinen, E., and Ala-Houhala, M. (1981). Chronic lung damage caused by adenovirus type 7 A ten-year follow-up study. Chest 80, 127. 

In 1993, 102 children with TIPPV could not be managed in the community, and therefore remained in pediatric wards of 52 hospitals for an average of 823 days (9). Their diagnosis included spinal muscular atrophy type 1, severe congenital myopathy, chronic lung damage after ventilatory support required by premature birth, severe mental retardation, and cerebral palsy (9). 

Lung damage after chronic exposure to fumes in industry has not been described. The higher incidence of respiratory cancer reported in copper smelters is due to the presence of arsenic in the ore. ... 

Alpha-1-Protease Inhibitor (Prolastin) [Respiratory Agent/Alpha Protease Inhibitor Replacement] Uses a,-Antit-rypsin deficiency panacinar emphysema Action Replace human aj-protease inhibitor Dose 60 mg/kg IV once/wk Caution [C, ] Contra Selective IgA deficiencies w/ known IgA antibodies Disp Inj SE Fever, dizziness, flu-like Sxs, allergic Rxns EMS Pt may have chronic lung Dz/damage, monitor resp status OD Not expected to produce life-threatening Sxs... 

Chronic inhalation of AI2O3 dusts may cause lung damage. 

Sulphuric acid 0.25 g, 2.5 mmol highly toxic, ingestion may be fatal, skin contact can lead to severe burns, chronic exposure may result in lung damage and possibly cancer... 

Marijuana smokers are at higher risk than nonusers for chronic lung diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, lung infections, and emphysema. Research also indicates that heavy marijuana use can lead to the DNA damage and cellular changes that produce lung cancer these changes appeared to occur in marijuana smokers at an... 

There is no evidence that CS causes permanent lung damage after one or several exposures to field concentrations (Blain, 2003). Inhalation of an irritant might be expected to exacerbate underlying pulmonary disease such as asthma, emphysema, or bronchitis. Histories of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease may exacerbate effects from CS (Worthington and Nee, 1999) or CN (Thorbum, 1982). CS may exacerbate ehronic bronchitis or precipitate an attack in known asthmatics (Anonymous, 1971). 

SAFETY PROFILE Chronic inhalation causes lung damage in humans. Ignites at 600°C in nitrogen oxide atmospheres. Violent reaction with F2, CIF3, NOx, IF5, Pb02, NO2, N2O. See also TUNGSTEN COMPOUNDS. 

Non-specific toxic liver damage may be evident in this connection, possible tuberculostatic toxic effects must also be considered. With severe courses of tuberculosis, peliosis hepatis is often observed. Frequently, retothelial nodules are detectable, as demonstrated for the first time in tuberculosis patients by H. Hamperl in 1953. (50) In the course of chronic pulmonary tuberculosis,infiltration of liver cells was noted, as reported in several publications. (50) It was attributed to toxic effects and/or undernourishment or malnutrition. Secondary hepatic amyloidosis, developing in the course of chronic lung tuberculosis, has also been postulated. (50) A restriction of hepatic function in chronic tuberculosis, which was first observed by E. Leuret et al. in 1922, has been described in a number of publications. (51, 60, 63) Depending on the severity and duration of the disease as well as the tuberculostatic pretreatment, we found pathological laboratory parameters in 15-20% and 25-40% of cases respectively. (50)... 

Various authors have discussed the differences in busulfan-induced idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, as a result of either chronic low-dose or short-course high-dose therapy. One group found that chronic low-dose therapy (even at cumulative doses of busulfan of up to 3 g) caused different lung damage from the clinical characteristics, radiological, and pathological features of the idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (6). 

The possibility that melphalan and busulfan may cause additive lung damage has been discussed in the light of a 59-year-old patient with chronic myeloid leukemia who developed severe interstitial lung fibrosis after short-term sequential treatment with the two drugs (7). 

A theory has been proposed regarding a possible mechanism by which parenteral Upid solutions injure preterm infants namely, by free radical-induced lipid peroxidation in the lipid solution (142,143). How this happens is not explained. The result can be pulmonary damage and chronic lung disease. Premature infants are thought to be at particularly high risk. However, others (144,145) have suggested that Cooke s interpretation (142) was not based on solid clinical evidence, and that the data that he derived from his observations should be tested in controlled studies before parenteral nutrition is prescribed for infants of very low birth weights. 

Rats exposed to tetranitromethane at a concentration of 6.4 ppm for 6hday , 5 days week for 6 months died autopsy revealed lung damage. In other lifetime inhalation studies, tetranitromethane caused nasal lesions indicative of chronic irritation of the nasal cavity in rats and mice. In addition, in a National Toxicology Program inhalation bioassay,... 

Lung Damage. Several studies have reported serious lung damage on the part of chronic marihuana smokers. Bronchitis, emphysema, and lesions of lung tissue have been noted in marihuana users, but it is not known if it is the kind of smoke (marihuana) or the amount of smoke (any smoke, e.g., cigarettes) that is responsible for the damage. 

---