Autopsy studies

Cardiovascular effects of cocaine An autopsy study of 40 patients. Am Heart J 115 1068-1076, 1988. 

Martin, J.J., Van Regemorter, N., Krols, L. etal. On an autosomal dominant form of retinal-cerebellar degeneration an autopsy study of five patients in one family. Acta Neuropathol. 88 277-286,1994. 

Hours since last ejaculation (Jouannet et al. 1981) and testis size (Kim and Lee 1982 Harvey and May 1989) both show the expected positive relationships (Table 1). Chronic alcoholism has a major negative influence on semen quality (Gomathi et al. 1993), but small amounts of alcohol are associated with more sperm in masturbatory ejaculates (Gerhard et al. 1992), as in Table 1. Autopsy studies have shown that the number of sperm manufactured per day by human testes declines by about 5 million for every year of a man s life after the age of about 25 y (Neaves et al. 1984). The decline per insemination of about 13 million for each year of age found in the Manchester study matches this autopsy work well, being the decline expected if the interval between ejaculations were 2—3 days. 

Moran TJ Emphysema and other chronic lung disease in textile workers An 18-year autopsy study. Arch Environ Health 38 261-216, 1983... 

Subacute toxicity — physiology, histology, autopsy studies two species, sometimes with dosings over a 6 month time period... 

Carcinogenic potential Two years, two species. Required when drug is intended to be used in humans for prolonged periods. Hematology, histology, autopsy studies. Tests in transgenic mice for shorter periods may be permitted as one species. 

Lehtimaki T, Kunnas TA, Mattila KM, Perola M, Penttila A, Koivula T, Karhunen PJ. Coronary artery wall atherosclerosis in relation to the estrogen receptor 1 gene polymorphism an autopsy study. J Mol Med 2002 80(3) 176-180. 

Autopsy studies in the United States indicate that chromium concentrations in the body are highest in kidney, liver, lung, aorta, heart, pancreas, and spleen at birth and tend to decrease with age. The levels in liver and kidney declined after the second decade of life. The aorta, heart, and spleen levels declined rapidly between the first 45 days of life and 10 years, with low levels persisting throughout life. The level in the lung declined early, but increased again from mid life to old age (Schroeder et al. 1962). 

Numerous studies have tried to elucidate the role of onconeural antibodies in other PNS. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) containing Hu antibodies penetrated viable neurons expressing the Hu antigen in in vitro experiments [185], When the IgG fraction of Yo antibody positive sera is administered intraperitoneally in laboratory animals and the blood-brain barrier is disrupted, intracellular IgG can be demonstrated in Purkinje cells [186]. Intrathecal antibody production takes place in many of the PNS [159, 187], and autopsy studies of affected individuals show deposits of IgG in neurons [80, 188, 189] and in the tumor [189]. These results all favor a pathogenic role for the onconeural antibodies. 

Manci EA, Culberson DE,Yang YM, et al., and Investigators of the Cooperative Study of Sickle Cell Disease Causes of death in sickle cell disease an autopsy study. Br J Haematol 123 359-365, 2003. 

Animal autopsy data provide strong evidence that the neuroleptics frequently cause brain damage. Human autopsy studies are too few and contradictory to lead to a definite conclusion. Once again, interest in them has declined. 

Animal Autopsy Studies of Neuroleptic-Induced Grain Damage... 

Animal and human autopsy studies show that shock routinely causes widespread pinpoint hemorrhages and scattered cell death. While the damage can be found throughout the brain, it is often worst beneath the electrodes. Since at least one electrode always lies over the frontal lobe, it is no exaggeration to call electroshock an electrical lobotomy. 

Chen L, Segal DM, Moraes CT, Mash DC (1999) Dopamine transporter mRNA in autopsy studies of chronic cocaine users. Mol Brain Res 75 181-185. 

Karch SB, Stephens B, Ho CH. Relating cocaine blood concentrations to toxicity—an autopsy study of 99 cases. J Forensic Sci 1998 43(l) 41-5. 

Knopman DS, Paris JE, Boeve BF et al. (2003). Vascular dementia in a population-based autopsy study. Archives of Neurology 60 569-575... 

Phillips, M. R., Yang, G., Ahang, Y., Wang, L., et al. 2002. Risk factors for suicide in China A national case-control psychological autopsy study. Lancet 360 1728-1736. 

Brunt EM. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Semin Liver Dis 2004 24 3-20. Marchesini G, Bugianesi E, Forlani G, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. Hepatology 2003 37 917-923. Wanless IR, Lentz JS. Eatty liver hepatitis (steatohepatitis) and obesity an autopsy study with analysis of risk factors. Hepatology 1990 12 1106-1110. Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity. The adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals in the liver, 2nd edn. Philadelphia Lippincott Williams Wilkins, 1999. Mason P. Cystic fibrosis - the disease. Hosptal Pharmacist 2005 12 201-207. Tolman KG, Eonseca V, Tan MH, et al. Narrative review hepatobiliary disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Ann Intern Med 2004 141 946-956. 

Autopsy studies on Alzheimer-afflicted brains some 40 years later showed a similar huge drop in neurotransmitter levels, but this time it was acetylcholine (ACh) in the hippocampus —which is associated with memory. Choline-esterase inhibitors, which stop the breakdown of ACh, were introduced and are presently the only symptom treatment available (Aricept, Excelon, Reminyl, Cognex). Recently, in 2004, memantine was approved as the first treatment to slow progression of Alzheimer s in mild to moderate cases. Work is ongoing to define acetylcholine-like muscarinic M-1 agonists and M-2 agonists that act on acetylcholine receptors directly. 

Pirisi, M., Avellinl, C., Fabris, C., Scott, C., Bardns, R, Soardo, G., Beltrami, C.A., Bartoli, E. Portal vein thrombosis in hepatocellular carcinoma age and sex distribution in an autopsy study. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol. 1998 124 397 - 400... 

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