Vaccines pneumococcal

The use of antibiotics is not recommended, except for the treatment of infectious exacerbations of COPD and other bacterial infections. Influenza vaccines decrease illness and death in COPD patients. Pneumococcal vaccination is also recommended. 

Pneumococcal vaccine. The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is recommended for all children age 2-23 months. It is also recommended for certain children age 24-59 months. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV) is recommended in addition to PCV for certain high-risk groups. See MMWR. 2000 49(RR-9) 1-35. 

In general, it is suggested that patients remain up to date on standard immunizations. Patients with HF should be counseled to receive yearly influenza vaccinations. Additionally, a pneumococcal vaccine is recommended. Usually only one pneumonia vaccination is necessary unless a patient is vaccinated before age 65. In that case, a booster vaccination is suggested 5 years after the initial vaccination. 

Educate the patient on lifestyle modifications such as salt restriction (maximum 2 to 4 grams per day), fluid restriction if appropriate, limitation of alcohol, tobacco cessation, participation in a cardiac rehabilitation and exercise program, and proper immunizations such as the pneumococcal vaccine and yearly influenza vaccine. 

Asthma patients should receive the influenza vaccine every year.1 Although the pneumococcal vaccine may decrease the risk of invasive pneumococcal disease in asthmatics, current guidelines do not include the routine administration of this vaccine to asthma patients.1,14... 

Influenza and pneumonia are common preventable infectious diseases that increase mortality and morbidity in persons with chronic diseases including DM.5 Yearly influenza vaccinations, commonly called flu shots, are recommended for patients with DM. Pneumococcal vaccination also is recommended for patients with DM as a one-time vaccination for most patients. 

Because patient with SCD have impaired splenic function, they are less adequately protected against encapsulated organisms such as S. pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, and Salmonella. The use of pneumococcal vaccine in SCD patients has decreased the rates of morbidity and mortality dramatically. However, there are still groups of SCD children who continue to have high rates of invasive pneumococcal infections.17 Two pneumococcal vaccines are available. The 7-valent conjugate... 

There are two pneumococcal vaccines, a 7-valent conjugated vaccine for children younger than 6 years of age and a 23-purified-capsular polysaccharide antigen vaccine for adults. The 23 capsular types in the vaccine represent at least 85% to 90% of the serotypes that cause invasive pneumococcal infections among children and adults in the United States.41 After vaccination, an antigen-specific antibody response, indicated by a twofold or greater rise in serotype-specific antibody, develops within 2 to 3 weeks in 80% or more of healthy young adults.42... 

The conjugated pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for all children aged 2 to 23 months and for certain children aged... 

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common bacterial cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. S. pneumoniae causes approximately 3000 cases of meningitis, 50,000 cases of bacteremia, 500,000 cases of pneumonia, and over 1 million cases of otitis media each year. The increasing prevalence of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae has highlighted the need to prevent infection through vaccination. Both licensed pneumococcal vaccines are highly effective in preventing disease from the common S. pneumoniae serotypes that cause human disease. 

Assessment for influenza and pneumococcal vaccine administration and assessment and management of other cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., smoking and antiplatelet therapy) are components of sound preventive medicine strategies. 

Patients with SCD should receive routine immunizations plus influenza, meningococcal, and pneumococcal vaccinations. 

Virtually all serotypes of S. pneumoniae exhibiting intermediate or complete resistance to penicillin are found in the current 23 serotype pneumococcal vaccine. A heptavalent conjugate vaccine is available for use in infants between 2 months and 9 years of age. Current recommendations are for all healthy infants younger than 2 years of age to be immunized with the heptavalent vaccine at 2, 4, 6, and 12 to 15 months. 

Pneumococcal vaccine. (Minimum age 6 weeks for pneumococcal conjugate vaccine [PCV 2 yeas for pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine [PW])... 

Pneumococcal vaccine is a mixture of capsular polysaccharides from 23 of the 83 most prevalent types of Streptococcus pneumoniae seen in the United States. 

Pneumococcal vaccine is recommended for the following immunocompetent persons ... 

Persons aged 2 to 64 years with functional or anatomic asplenia. When splenectomy is planned, pneumococcal vaccine should be given at least 2 weeks before surgery. 

Pneumococcal vaccination is recommended for immunocompromised persons 2 years of age or older with ... 

One dose of the polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine is indicated for patients at any age with COPD revaccination is recommended for patients older than 65 years if the first vaccination was more than 5 years earlier and the patient was younger than 65 years. 

Avoidance of risk factor(s) influenza vaccination pneumococcal vaccine ... 

Each dose of pneumococcal vaccine contains 25 micrograms of polysaccharide immunogens. How many doses of the vaccine can be obtained with two grams of the polysaccharide immunogens ... 

Q82 Prevenar is a pneumococcal vaccine that contains polysaccharide from seven capsular types of the pneumococcus that is conjugated to protein. Prevenar should only be administered to children who are at an increased risk of pneumococcal infection. 

Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent (Pneumovax-23) Quadravalent Human Papillomavirus (Types 6, 11, 16, 18)... 

Pneumococcal Vaccine, Polyvalent (Pneumovox-23) [Vaccine/ Inactive Bacteria] Uses Immunization against pneumococcal Infxns in pts at high risk (eg, all = 65 y of age) Action Active immunization Dose 0.5 mL EM. Caution [C, ] Contra Do not vaccinate during immunosuppressive thCTapy Disp Inj SE Fever, inj site Rxn, hemolytic anemia, thromboc5rtopenia, anaphylaxis Interactions Effects W/ corticosteroids, immunosuppressants EMS None OD ... 

Pneumococcal vaccines Mixture of purified surface polysaccharide antigens obtained from differing serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae Active immunization against Streptococcus pneumoniae... 

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2002a. Influenza and Pneumococcal Vaccination Levels among Persons Aged > 65 years, United States, 2001. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 51(45) 1019-1024. 

One should consider infiuenza- and pneumococcal-vaccination in patients with increased risk for lower RTI including patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease like chronic bronchitis or emphysema and cystic fibrosis patients. It should be considered for the elderly population in general. There is no role for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in patients with frequent RTI. Attempts should be made to have those patients that smoke stop doing so. 

Immunization with influenza and pneumococcal vaccines is done to prevent infectious complications... 

Schenkein JG, Nahm MH, Dransfleld MT. Pneumococcal vaccination for patients with COPD current practice and future directions. Chest 2007 133(3) 767-74. 

Schoefer Y, Schaberg T, Raspe H, Schaefer T. Determinants of influenza and pneumococcal vaccination in patients with chronic lung diseases. J Infect 2007 55(4) 347-52. 

Davies EG, Riddington C, Lottenberg R, Dower N. Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2004. 

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