Characterization by enhancement

The upper part of the subsurface is characterized by enhanced biological activity. Therefore, contaminant transformation in this zone proceeds mainly by microbial processes, which are often faster than chemical ones. In the deeper subsurface. 

World-Wide there is approximately 1000 tons of fluid cracking catalyst manufactured each day. Of this, about 35% contains some form of aluminum deficient zeolite Y, one whose SiOz/AlaOa ratio exceeds 5.5 1, and whose performance is generally characterized by enhanced olefin formation and higher gasoline research and motor octane number. The aluminum deficient... 

Tinte et al.54 have carried out molecular dynamic simulations of first-principles based effective Hamiltonian for PSN under pressure and of PMN at ambient pressure that clearly exhibit a relaxor state in the paraelectric phase. Analysis of the short-to-medium range polar order allows them to locate Burns temperature Tb. Burns temperature is identified as the temperature below which dynamic nanoscale polar clusters form. Below TB, the relaxor state characterized by enhanced short-to-medium range polar order (PNR) pinned to nanoscale chemically ordered regions. The calculated temperature-pressure phase diagram of PSN demonstrates that the stability of the relaxor state depends on a delicate balance between the energetics that stabilize normal ferroelectricity and the average strength of quenched "random" local fields. 

Heat treatment of as-grown crystals in Li2C03 at 400 to 700°C for 2 to 7 days causes a partial substitution of lithium for Zn sites causing considerable growth of resistivity to p 10 -10 ° Qcm because of the LTi = Li zn and noticeable lowering of the Fermi level. The luminescence spectra of such samples are characterized by enhanced yellow-orange emission noticeable quenching of emission due to excitons bound to neutral shallow donors. 

Hall AP, hvine J, Blyth K, Cameron ER, Onions DE, Campbell ME (1998) Tumours derived horn HTLV-I tax transgenic mice are characterized by enhanced levels of apoptosis and oncogene expression. J Pathol 186 209—214. 

Characteristic vertical profiles of temperature and salinity for the period 2002 through 2008 are shown in Fig. 4 and summarized in Table 3. The archetypal vertical structure in 2002-2003 characterized by enhanced stratification was generally two-layered, with minimum salinity in the upper mixed layer of 7-23 m followed by a more or less steep halocline where the salinity increased sharply downwards, attaining maximum values at the bottom (Fig. 5). In the fall season when most of the measurements were made, the halocline was typically accompanied by temperarnre inversions. During those years, we believed that the stratification of the western basin was permanent and the conditions were meromictic. 

Hyperplasia or tumors of the adrenal cortex that produce excess aldosterone result in a condition known as primary aldosteronism, which is characterized by enhanced sodium and water retention, resulting in hypertension. 

Freshly made cells of the "lithium-sulfiir dioxide" system are characterized by enhanced intrinsic pressure up to 0.4 MPa. Only by the end of discharge or rather by the time liquid sulfur dioxide is exhausted, this pressure somewhat decreases. Therefore, such cells are produced in rather robust steel nickel-plated cases of a not very large size. As a rule, the maximum capacity of individual cells does not exceed 30 Ah. The cases of sulfur dioxide-lithium cells are usually equipped with relief valves preventing fracture of cases at an increase in pressure (e.g., because of the cell overheating). 

The surface of a fully dehydroxylated ionic oxide can be considered as an extended array of coordinately unsaturated oxygen ions and metal cations. From the acid-base point of view, they act as Lewis base and Lewis acid centers, respectively (structure I in Scheme 1). The net charge on each surface center depends on the stoichiometry, ionicity, and local surface structure, which in turn vary from one crystal plane to another. A few positions that represent geometrical defects on the surface (corners, edges, dislocations) may be characterized by enhanced acid-base character, as their energy is further increased due to additional chemical unsaturation,... 

Starch, cellulose, and related substances are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and other industries (Whistler et al. 1984, Young 1986, Frazier et al. 1997, Stenius 2000, Eliasson 2004), and their extraction from natural materials is carried out by water or water/organic mixtures (Minina and Kaukhova 2004) that can influence the product structure and other characteristics. Composites with starch or cellulose, drugs and highly disperse adsorbents can be used in medicine. These nanocomposites are characterized by enhanced activity of biopolymers and drugs because of their transformation into a nanostructured state during interactions with sohd nanoparticles that enhance their bioaccessibiUty. 

The studies have proven that both MRs can realize better performance in terms of methane conversion and hydrogen production than the CRs, working also at milder operating conditions. By making a comparison between the two reactor configurations, it has been shown that a PBMR has a very simple configuration whereas an FBMR is typically characterized by enhanced mass and heat transfer rates, which favor more uniform temperature profiles. Nevertheless, possible bubble-to-emulsion mass transfer... 

The formation of carbonate cements typically preserves the intergranular volume (IGV) present at the time of cement formation with subsequent progressive burial, the IGV will be anomalously high. If the carbonate cement is later destabilized and the carbonate is dissolved, the sandstone will be characterized by enhanced porosity, a positive porosity anomaly. Enhanced porosity, or a positive porosity anomaly, is defined herein as porosity at a specific depth that is greater than the porosity predicted at that depth by a compaction/depth curve for the corresponding sandstone lithology (see Sclater and Christie 1980 Pittman and Larese 1991). 

The purification of waste water from paper manufacture characterized by enhanced biodegradability, as well as the removal of COD and halo-genated compounds is carried out by a method based on ozonation and biofiltration [29]. 

Even in small amplitude oscillatory shear flow, the rheological behaviour of polymer blends is unusual and quite complex. The rheology of molten blends is generally characterized by enhanced... 

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