Cell-mediated allergies

These are called delayed hypersensitivity reactions since they normally occur 6-24 hours after exposure. A cell-mediated allergy involves the interaction of food allergens with sensitised lymphocytes, which usually occurs in the gastrointestinal tract. The sensitised lymphocytes produce lymphokines and the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. These latter cells destroy other intestinal cells, including the epithelial cells that are critical for absorption. 

Type IV Cell-mediated allergy is the mechanism involved in allergic contact dermatitis from topically applied drugs or induration of the skin at the site of an antigen injected intradermally. 

Immunologically, maculopapular eruptions are probably due to cell-mediated allergy (Marghescu 1978 de Weck 1974). This hypothesis is based on clinical observations, on the results of skin tests (patch and intracutaneous), and on in vitro investigations carried out by means of the lymphocyte transformation test and the... 

Buonomo A, Nucera E, De Pasquale T, Pecora V, Lombardo C, Sabato V, Colagiovanni A, Rizzi A, Aruanno A, Pascolini L, Patriarca G, Schiavino D. Tolerability of aztreonam in patients with cell-mediated allergy to (3-lactams. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011 155(2) 155-9. 

Fujiwara M, Hirose K, Kagami S. Takatori H. Waka-shin H, Tamachi T, Watanabe N. Saito Y. Iwamoto I. Nakajima H T-bet inhibits both Th2 cell-mediated eosinophil recruitment and Th17 cell-mediated neutrophil recruitment into the airways. J Allergy Chn Immunol 2007 119 662-670. 

Liu YJ Thymic stromal lymphopoietin and 0X40 ligand pathway in the initiation of dendritic cell-mediated allergic inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2007 120 238-246. 

Kanny G, Pichler W, Morisset M, et al T-cell-mediated reactions to iodinated contrast media evaluation by skin and lymphocyte activation tests. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 115 179-185. 

Of necessity, anyone working in the food industry has to be aware of food allergies. They involve one of two different immunologic mechanisms. The most common one involves globulins E (IgE). The less common type is the cell-mediated food allergy. 

Coeliac disease, which is an allergy to gluten (specifically the gliadin fraction), is a cell-mediated food allergy. 

Respiratory allergies and infections are the most common form of illness in the United States and Europe and account for more missed school and work days than any other disease [1], A substantial body of experimental work has clearly shown that airborne toxicants such as tobacco smoke, ozone, and other air pollutants can alter many aspects of the host defense network to either decrease resistance to infection, or exacerbate respiratory allergies and asthma [2], Exposure to air toxicants can suppress a number of key host defenses including mucociliary clearance in the airways, pulmonary macrophage function, and development of specific immune responses such as IgG antibody production and cell mediated immunity. In contrast, immune stimulation in the form of increased T cell activity and IgE antibody formation has also has been shown to occur under some circumstances, resulting in increased incidence or severity of allergic lung disease. 

Food allergy by definition is dependent upon the induction of a specific immune response, and this needs to be of a vigor and quality necessary for the acquisition of sensitization, and the subsequent elicitation of an allergic reaction following encounter with the relevant food protein. Although cell-mediated immune responses are known... 

Czarlewski W, Campbell AM, Bousquet J, Davies RJ Effect of loratadine on nitrogen dioxide-induced changes in electrical resistance and release of inflammatory mediators from cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999 104 93-99. 

Bohle B, Zwolfer B, Heratizadeh A, Jahn-Schmid B, Antonia YD, Alter M, Keller W, Zuidmeer L, van Ree R, Werfel T, Ebner C Cooking birch pollen-related food divergent consequences for IgE- and T cell-mediated reactivity in vitro and in vivo. J Allergy Chn Immunol 2006 118 242-249. 

Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Fluckiger S, Disch R, Trautmann A, Wuthrich B, Blaser K, Scheynius A, Crameri R IgE-mediated and T cell-mediated autoimmunity against manganese superoxide dismutase in atopic dermatitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005 115 1068-1075. 

Jaussi R. Ismail C. Menz G. Blaser K Humoral and cell-mediated autoimmunity in allergy to Aspergillus fumi-gatus. J Exp Med 1996 18 265-270. 

Drug allergy is a cell-mediated immune reaction producing symptoms, which are urrrelated to the pharmacological effects of the... 

Theoharides, T.C. and Bielory, L. Mast cells and mast cell mediators as targets of dietary supplements. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 93(2 Suppl 1), S24-34, 2004. 

A complement-independent mechanism of anaphylaxis would be classical allergy employing IgE antibodies. We found these antibodies to be elevated in only a few cases—possibly atopic individuals [142]. The serum of one of these children was used for passive sensitization of basophils of a healthy blood donor. The cells released histamine upon incubation of the cells with 1-ASP (Fig. 10). indicating that in some children IgE-mediated allergy may also play a role for clinical symptoms,... 

Stabilization of mast cells. Cromolyn prevents IgE-mediated release of mast cell mediators, although only after chronic treatment. It is applied locally to conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, the bronchial tree (inhalation), and intestinal mucosa (absorption is almost nil with oral intake). Indications prophylaxis of hay-fever, allergic asthma, and food allergies. Nedocromil acts similarly. 

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