Cell-mediated immune reaction

Mechanism of Action An adrenocortical steroid that inhibits the accumulation of inflammatory cells at inflammation sites, phagocytosis, lysosomal enzyme release and synthesis, and release of mediators of inflammation. Therapeutic Effect Prevents or suppresses cell-mediated immune reactions. Decreases or prevents tissue response to inflammatory process. 

Drug allergy is a cell-mediated immune reaction producing symptoms, which are urrrelated to the pharmacological effects of the... 

It is a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor immuno-suppressant. Benefit in RA is due to inhibition of cytokine production, chemo-taxis and cell mediated immune reaction. 

Cell-mediated Immune Reactions and Specificity for Salmonella 0-Polysaccharides... 

Patients with a variety of cemcers and some viral diseases excrete relatively large amounts of neopterin, formed by dephosphorylation tind oxidation of dihydroneopterin triphosphate, an intermediate in biopterin synthesis. This reflects the induction of GTP cyclohydrolase by interferon- y and tumor necrosis factor-a in response to the increased requirement for tetrahydrobiopterin for nitric oxide synthesis (Section 10.4.2). It is thus a meuker of cell-mediated immune reactions tind permits monitoring of disease progression (Werner et al., 1993,1998 Berdowska emd Zwirska-Korczala, 2001). 

Mechanisms of non-immediate reactions are unclear but may be immunological and non-immunological. Delayed reactions of the IgE type are known (131). Aminopenicillins seem to be an important cause of non-immediate reactions (132-134). The morbilliform rash that begins 1-10 days after amoxicillin can be caused by a delayed cell-mediated immune reaction (135) as can fixed drug eruptions (136,137), toxic epidermal necrolysis (138-140), bullous erythroderma (141), and contact eczema (142). Investigation of these disorders should include delayed readings of skin tests (135). In patients with chronic urticaria, penicillin allergy was demonstrated by cutaneous tests. 

Hultman P, Johansson U. 1991. Strain differences in the effect of mercury on murine cell-mediated immune reactions. Food Chem Toxicol 29(9) 633-638. 

IL-12 is the only cytokine acting as a regulator of the effector phase of cell-mediated immune reactions that is not produced by T cells. However, the IL-12 receptor is restrict-edly expressed by T lymphocytes and NK cells. 

The glomerular capillary wall is particularly susceptible to immune-mediated injury. Antigen and antibody tend to localize in the glomerulus, probably because of its high blood flow and capillary hydrostatic pressure. Parenchymal damage can be induced as a result of humoral- and cell-mediated immune reactions (Table 47-1). Antibodies and sensitized T lymphocytes are the primary mediators of glomerular injury. ... 

Smdies in the 1970s showed that cyclosporin inhibits humoral immunoreactions, and that it had a selective effect on T-cell dependent immunoreactions and that its effect was reversible. Cyclosporin is considered to interfere with the process for primary T-cell activation. In this way the formation of T-effector cells, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes or killer lymphocytes, which have the dominant function in cell mediated immune reactions like rejecting an allograft in transplantation surgery and delayed hypersensitivity reaction, is prevented. 

Cyclosporin suppresses cell-mediated immune reactions and some humoral immunity. It is indicated in the prophylaxis of organ rejection in kidney, liver, and heart allogeneic transplants in conjunction with adrenal corticosteroid therapy treatment of chronic rejection in patients previously treated with other immunosuppressive agents increased tear production in patients whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed because of ocular inflammation associated with keratoconjunctivitis sicca (ophthalmic emulsion). Gengraf, Neorai Used for treatment of severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) where disease is not adequately responsive to methotrexare treatment of adult, non-immunocompromised patients with severe, recalcitrant, plaque psoriasis who have failed to respond to a least one systemic therapy or in patients for whom other systemic therapies are contraindicated, or cannot be tolerated. 

Aside from its antineoplastic activity, methotrexate also has been used with benefit in the therapy of psoriasis. Additionally, it inhibits cell-mediated immune reactions and is employed as an immunosuppressive agent to suppress graft-versus-host disease in allogenic bone marrow and organ... 

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive/immunomodulator. It suppresses cell-mediated immune reactions and some humoral immunity. 

Which cell involved in immune function recognizes foreign peptides bound to MHC class 11 molecules on the surface of APC cells, secretes interleukin-2, and initiates the cell-mediated immunity reaction responsible for host-versus-graft reactions ... 

In addition to phagocytosis and release of different kinds of prostaglandins and hydrolytic enzymes [321,322], macrophages have an important role in the initiation of the cell-mediated immune reaction in response to the antigen presented. The cells are activated by a variety of agents such as immune complexes, lymphokines, zymosane and C3b. 

Sinkovics JG. Monitoring in vitro of cell-mediated immune reactions to tumors. Methods Cancer Res. 1973 8 107-175 (Harris Bush editor New York Academic Press). 

Ozden S, Cochet M, Mikol J et al. (2004) Direct evidence for a chronic CDS -I- -T-cell-mediated immune reaction to tax within the muscle of a human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type 1-infected patient with sporadic inclusion body myositis. J Virol 78, 10320-10327. 

---