Pulse carotid

Allen, W.F., Effect on respiration, blood pressure, and carotid pulse of various inhaled and insufflated vapors when stimulating one cranial nerve and various combinations of cranial nerves. Am. J. Physiol., 87, 319-325, 1928-1929. 

Neck Carotid or vertebral bruit Absent carotid pulse Nuchal rigidity Carotid or vertebral stenosis CCA occlusion Meningeal irritation in S AH or infectious meningitis... 

Assess the client s carotid pulse for 1 full minute. 

Determine whether patient is conscious and has spontaneous respirations and palpable carotid pulse. 

Noninvasive cardiopulmonary sensors continually monitor heart and breathing rales. Several kinds of devices have been conceived whicb allow continuous and comfortable monitoring of the main cardiac and pulmonary parameters. A biaxially drawn PVDF film sensor for peripheral pulse measurement has been realized in a bilaminatr configuration [22]. Faithful reproduction of a carotid pulse was accompliahed by this sensor, with systolic time intervals easily determined in patients at rest. 

A biaxially drawn FVDF film-based senses for peripheral pulse measurement has been realized by De Rossi et al. [13] in a bilaminatc configuration, which shows excellent characteristics of immunity from external electrical noise and interference. Faithful reproduction of carotid pulse was achieved by means ci this sensor in preliminary clinical experiments the combination with suitaMe algorithms for the detection at carotid pulse upstroke and incisura allows easy determination at systolic time intervals in patients at rest... 

Rote et al. (1993, 1994) used a carotid thrombosis model in dogs. A calibrated electromagnetic flow meter was placed on each common carotid artery proximal to both the point of insertion of an intravascular electrode and a mechanical constrictor. The external constrictor was adjusted with a screw until the pulsatile flow pattern decreased by 25 % without altering the mean blood flow. Electrolytic injury to the intimal surface was accomplished with the use of an intravascular electrode composed of a Teflon-insulated silver-coated copper wire connected to the positive pole of a 9-V nickel-cadmium battery in series with a 250000 ohm variable resistor. The cathode was connected to a subcutaneous site. Injury was initiated in the right carotid artery by application of a 150 xA continuous pulse anodal direct current to the intimal surface of the vessel for a maximum duration of 3 h or for 30 min beyond the time of complete vessel occlusion as determined by the blood flow recording. Upon completion of the study on the right carotid, the procedure for induction of vessel wall injury was repeated on the left carotid artery after administration of the test drug. 

Tenderness of the branches of the external carotid artery (occipital, facial, superficial temporal) points towards giant cell arteritis. Tenderness of the common carotid artery in the neck can occur in acute carotid occlusion but is more Ukely to be a sign of dissection, or arteritis. Absence of several neck and arm pulses in a young person occurs in Takayasu s arteritis (Ch. 6). Delayed or absent leg pulses suggest coarctation of the aorta or, much more commonly, peripheral vascular disease. Other causes of widespread disease of the aortic arch are atheroma, giant cell arteritis, syphihs, subintimal fibrosis, arterial dissection and trauma. 

Heart rate is described by both rate and rhythm. The arterial pulse usually is taken at the radius, but carotid or other arterial pulses may be used. In healthy individuals, the heart rate is usually assessed by... 

Several clinical and experimental studies have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of lone AF, and modern diagnostic techniques have revealed previously unappreciated abnormalities. Thus in some patients with lone AF, there may be underlying abnormalities that are either occult or have yet to be discovered. In some patients with lone AF, occult hypertension may be present but masked by the antihypertensive effects of medications used for rate control. Several epidemiological associations of AF include obesity, sleep apnea, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, increased alcohol consumption, anger and hostility, increased pulse pressure, and subclinical atherosclerosis (assessed by carotid... 

Fig.l8. Identification of the role played by converted adventitial cells in the neointima formation. Carotid artery was first pulse-labeled with bromo-deoxyuridine (BrdU) soon after overstretching injury (black dots), then an autologous (not treated) segment of saphenous vein was interposed into the injured/treated artery. Three weeks after surgery, BrdU-positive cells were found both in the arterialized venous media and in the neointima (see Ref. [370] for details). 

Type 1 aortic dissection is one of the most difficult vascular lesions to manage in the presence of major stroke. The patient may present with chest pain and asymmetric pulses. Stroke may occur in the distribution of any major cerebral arteries because the dissection can involve both carotid and vertebral origins [28], Since rupture into the chest or extension of dissection into the pericardium or coronary origins is fatal, thrombolysis or anticoagulation cannot be used. 

Once the third version solves smoothly, pulsatile flow will be added. As a first step, a sinusoidal flow pattern will be added to the constant-flow conditions. Subsequent modifications will add user-defined patterns resembling the actual pulse forms found in the human carotid. 

Eyes Pupillary equality, reaction to light, accommodation, ocular 8. Vascular System Abnormal pulse and amplitude, carotid or arterial bruits. ... 

Arndt, J.O., Klauske, J. and Mersch, F. (1968) The diameter of the intact carotid artery in man and its change with pulse pressure. PfiilgePs Arch, 30, 230-240. 

Shape of the pulse waves (a) dog carotid artery (b) noncompliant commercial graft and (c) hybrid vascular graft HVG-1J ... 

Claudication is a clinical, easy to make diagnosis. Claudication of the upper extremities, although much less frequent than that of the lower extremities, is also a clinical diagnosis. The extremities should be examined carefully. Examination of the peripheral arterial system should include an evaluation of the volume and character of the arterial pulses of the carotids and of the arteries of the upper extremities the subclavian, the brachial, the radial, and the ulnar. Physical examination should definitely encompass the abdominal aorta for abnormal pulsations, ectasias and/or bruits, and the arteries of the lower extremities femoral, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibialis. The pulse volume can be graded on a scale of 0 to 4. In addition to palpation, physical examination of the peripheral arterial system should include auscultation over the carotids, auscultation over the subclavian arteries above, and below the mid-clavicular area. A bruit over the subclavian artery and disappearance of the radial pulse with compression of the subclavian artery is evidence for subclavian syndrome. On occasion, a bruit may be heard by auscultation deep in the axilla. The bruit, a composite of low frequency sounds, is better appreciated when the examiner is using the bell of the stethoscope. 

In Apo E-KO mice. All treatment accelerated atherosclerosis in the carotid artery, increased blood pressure, increased arterial stiffening, increased pulse wave velocity, and decreased arterial elasticity. These functional changes were correlated with morphological and biochemical changes as demonstrated by an increase in collagen content, a decrease in elastin content, and breaks in the internal elastic lamina in the aortic wall. In addition, endothelium-independent vasorelaxation to sodium nitroprusside was impaired (265). 

Figure 2 ACh-induced responses in the cat petrosal ganglion and in isolated neurons in culture, (a) Increases in the carotid sinus nerve frequency discharge ( csn) evoked by the application of increasing AQi doses (2-500 pg) to the ganglion (arrowhead), (b) Dose-response relationship for the significant increases in csn (Afew) observed in (a), (c) Depolarization and firing of multiple action potentials, recorded with intracellular microelectrode, elicited by application of an ACh (200 pM) bolus (arrowhead), (d) Inwardly directed inactivating current, recorded in whole-cell voltage-clamp configuration at Vm = —60 my induced by a 4-sec ACb (500 pM) pulse (continuous line).

Whether or not the heart is beating may be determined by feeling for a pulse in either one of the carotid arteries in the neck, or in the left or right femoral artery which runs along the inside of the thigh. The pulse in the wrist may be... 

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