Positive pole

It will be noticed that this account makes no allowance for the electrostatic interaction of the positive pole with the electrophile, the nitro-nium ion. This should generally work for deactivation, and its influence at nuclear positions should be in the order ortho > meta > para. This point is resumed below. 

Hammett s equation, and substituent effects, 137-43 heteromolecules, 130 Holleman s product rule, 3 hyperconjugation, in nitration of alkyl-benzenes, 165-7 in nitration of positive poles, 169... 

In azolium cations, the electron-pull of the positively charged heteroatom is strong, and substituents attached a or y to positive poles in azolium rings show correspondingly enhanced reactivity. 

With forced stray current drainage, the current is returned from the pipeline to the rails by means of a grid-fed rectifier. The transformer-rectifier is connected into the stray current return conductor, the negative pole is connected with the installation to be protected and the positive pole is connected to the rails or the negative side of the bus bar in the transformer substation. 

ANION A negatively charged atom or group of atoms, or a radical which moves to the positive pole (anode) during electrolysis. 

Because the positive pole is relatively sheltered from close approach, these solvents cannot effectively solvate anions, which, therefore, display an enhanced nucleophilicity... 

The negative pole of pressed amalgamated zinc powder and the positive pole of mercury(ll) oxide and graphite are separated by an absorbent impregnated with the electrolyte, cone KOH ... 

During discharge these reactions are reversed. A crucial feature of the construction of this cell is that oxygen produced at the positive pole during charging by the side-reaction ... 

Kupfer-pol, m. Elec.) copper pole (positive pole), -praparat, n. copper preparation, -probe,/, copper assay, test for copper, -raf-fination, /. copper refining, -ranch, m. copper smoke, copper fumes white vitriol,... 

Within the electric field, the ray is deflected toward the positive pole, showing that it is negatively charged... 

If a molecule is diatomic, it is easy to decide whether it is polar or nonpolar. A diatomic molecule has only one kind of bond hence the polarity of the molecule is the same as the polarity of the bond. Hydrogen and fluorine (H2, F2) are nonpolar because the bonded atoms are identical and the bond is nonpolar. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, on the other hand, has a polar bond, so the molecule is polar. The bonding electrons spend more time near the fluorine atom so that there is a negative pole at that end and a positive pole at the hydrogen end. This is sometimes indicated by writing... 

Orientation of polar molecules in an electric field. With the field off. polar molecules are randomly orientad. With the field on, polar molecules such as HF align their positive and negative ends toward the negative and positive poles of tire field, respectively. Nonpolar molecules such as H2 do not line up. 

Polar molecules, like nonpolar molecules, are attracted to one another by dispersion forces. In addition, they experience dipole forces as illustrated in Figure 9.9, which shows the orientation of polar molecules, such as Id, in a crystal. Adjacent molecules line up so that the negative pole of one molecule (small Q atom) is as dose as possible to the positive pole (large I atom) of its neighbor. Under these conditions, there is an electrical attractive force, referred to as a dipole force, between adjacent polar molecules. 

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