Glomerular basement membrane

As noted above, the presence of Met(O) in proteins would go undetected after acid hydrolysis and subsequent amino acid analysis. Thus, since this method of hydrolysis is most commonly used, it is impossible to ascertain from the literature the abundance of Met(O) residues normally present in proteins. However, a number of studies have reported the presence of Met(O) residues in various proteins using one of the appropriate procedures described above. It has been found that Met(O) residues comprise 30% of the total Met in proteins isolated from bovine glomerular basement membranes and anterior lens . Other investigators have reported that the levels of Met(O) in proteins of the trabecular meshwork of human eyes increased with the age of the donor . The amount of Met(O) detected ranged from 15% (10 years old) to 55% (79 years old) of the total methionine content found in the tissue samples. Other studies have shown that in certain species of clams the proteins of the hinge ligament contain only Met(0) residues and no Met . In addition, it has also been reported that as much as 18% of the Met residues in pea seed proteins is in the form of Met(O) . Lastly, Met(O) residues have been found in... 

Vissers, M.C.M., Day, W.A. and Winterboum, C.C. (1985). Neutrophils adherent to a nonphagocytosable surface (glomerular basement membrane) produce oxidants only at the site of attachment. Blood 66, 161-166. 

GAP GTPase-activating protein GBM Glomerular basement membrane... 

Glomerular diseases (e.g., anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, focal segmental glomerularsclerosis, IgA nephropathy, hemolytic uremic syndrome, systemic lupus erythematosus, Alport s syndrome, amyloidosis, membranous nephropathy, and Goodpasture s syndrome)... 

In mice dosed at 300 and 600 mg/kg/day, there was also an increased incidence of nephropathy (consisting primarily of degeneration of the cortical tubular epithelium with thickening of the tubular and glomerular basement membranes and increased interstitial collagen in male mice, and renal tubular regeneration in female mice). 

As regards the function of this electronegative shield in some cell-types, membrane sialic acids prevent aggregation due to electrostatic repulsion in, for example, blood platelets, erythrocytes, and carcinoma cells in culture,418 whereas, in others, for example, chick, embryonic muscle-cells,422 aggregation is facilitated, most probably by Ca24 bridges. Sialic acid was also shown to be involved in the attachment both of endothelium and epithelium to glomerular basement-membranes of rat kidney.423... 

Spiro, R. G. Studies on the renal glomerular basement membrane. Nature of the carbohydrate units and their attachment to the peptide portion. J. Biol. Chem. 242, 1923 (1967)... 

S. Shibata and K. Miura, A third glycopeptide (nephritogenoside) isolated from glomerular basement membrane, J. Biochem. 89 1737 (1981). 

T. Takeda, Y. Sugiura, Y. Ogihara, and S. Shibata, The nephritogenic glycopeptide from rat glomerular basement membrane Synthesis of a-D-glucopyranosylamine derivatives. Can. J. Chem. 58 2600 (1980). 

Gunwar, S., Ballester, F., Noelken, M. E., Sado, Y., Ninomiya, Y., and Hudson, B. G. (2001). Glomerular basement membrane Identification of a novel disulfide-cross-linked network of a3, a4, and a5 chains of Type IV collagen and its implication for the pathogenesis of Alport syndrome./. Biol. Chem. 273, 8767-8775. 

Microwave heat-assisted enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been used for measuring anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibodies in kidney serum (Van Dorp et al., 1991) The presence of GBM antibodies is one of the characteristics of Goodpasture s syndrome. The application of microwave heating reduces the duration of incubation to assay circulating anti-GBM autoantibodies. 

Silver is cleared from the system via the liver (Furchner et al. 1968 Scott and Hamilton 1950). Deposition of uncleared silver can occur along the renal glomerular basement membrane (Creasey and Moffat 1973 Danscher 1981 Ham and Tange 1972 Moffat and Creasey 1972) and mesangium (Day et al. 1976), and in the Kupffer cells and the sinusoid endothelium cells of the liver (Danscher 1981). Silver has also been detected intra- and extracellularly in the skin and mucosa of the tongue, in the chromaffin cells, cells of the zona glomerulosa, and zona fasciculata of the adrenal glands, and in the exocrine and endocrine sections of the pancreas (Danscher 1981). 

Silver is deposited in the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney of animals, and therefore might be expected to affect renal function. However, no studies of renal function in animals were... 

Brozman M, Chorvath D, Jakubovsky J. 1976. [Localization of silver in glomerular basement membranes in experimental argyrosis], Bratisl Lek Listy 66 253-263. (Polish). 

Zech P, Colon S, Labeeuw R, et al. 1973. [Nephrotic syndrome with deposits in the glomerular basement membranes during argyria], Nouv Presse Med 2 161-164. (French). 

Daniels, B.S., Hauser, E.B.,Deen, W.M. and Hostetter, T.H. (1992) Glomerular basement membrane in vitro studies of water and protein permeability. Am. J. Physiol., 262, F919-F926. de Gennes, P.G. (1979) Scaling Concepts in Polymer Physics. Cornell University Press, Ithaca. 

Extracellular Collagen Skin Tendon Aorta Glomerular basement membrane Lens capsule 58,59,71 60 61 62,64,74 63... 

Lubec, G. Pollack, A. "The Glomerular Basement Membrane" Renal Physiology, Karger Basel, 1981 3, p 4-8. 

Harvey, S. J., Jarad, G., Cunningham, J., Rops, A. L., van der Vlag, J., Berden, J. H., et al. (2007) Disruption of glomerular basement membrane charge through podocyte-specific mutation of agrin does not alter glomerular permselectivity. Am J Pathol 171, 139-152. 

There are many other reports arguing against this mechanism as the major pathogenetic pathway of lupus nephritis. The presence of circulating DNA/anti-DNA immune complexes is difficult to detect (B25,13). Moreover, recent studies demonstrated that the levels of circulating DNA (nucleosome) immune complexes were low (B28, F8, L14). Data also suggest that DNA/anti-DNA complexes are rapidly cleared by the liver (E5) and bind poorly to glomerular basement membrane (GBM) (12). 

Izui, S., Lambert, R H., and Mescher, R A., In vitro demonstration of a particular affinity of glomerular basement membrane and collagen for DNA A possible basis for a local formation of DNA-anti-DNA complexes in systemic lupus erythematosus. J. Exp. Med. 144, 428-443 (1976). 

Schmiedeke, T. M., Stockl, F. W., Weber, R., Sugisaki, Y., Batsford, S. R., and Vogt, A., Histones have high affinity for the glomerular basement membrane. Relevance for immune complex formation in lupus nephritis. J. Exp. Med. 169,1879—1894 (1989). 

The glomerular capillary network lined with fenestrated endothelia is surrounded by the glomerular basement membrane and visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). Podocytes cover the outer aspect of the glomerular basement membrane with their... 

Plasma is filtered through a sieve consisting of three main layers (1) large endothelial fenestrations, (2) the dense network of the glomerular basement membrane, and (3) the slit diaphragm between podocyte processes. 

The glomerular capillary wall has a very high hydraulic permeability and the glomerular basement membrane and the slit diaphragm probably contribute approximately 50% each to the total hydraulic resistance of the capillary wall (D8). Foot process effacement found both in experimental models of nephrotic syndrome and in human glomerulopathies dramatically reduces the hydraulic permeability of the glomerular capillary wall (Gil). 

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