Growth supplements

Table 4. Growth Supplements for Two Cell Lines in Serum-Free Medium...

F9 embryonal carcinoma cells have a simple set of growth supplements which are required for growth in serum-free medium insulin, transferrin, and fibronectin (Rizzino and Sato, 1978). Fibronectin is a component of the extracellular matrix and facilitates the attachment of the cells to the culture dish. In addition, high density lipoprotein (HDL) has been observed to promote the growth of F9 cells serum-free. 

The mechanisms by which the growth supplements in serum-free medium act are still not understood. In order to achieve an understanding of the biochemical basis for the hormonal and growth factor requirements of animal cells, the basic mechanism of action of hormones and growth factors must be determined. The biochemical basis for the nutritional requirements of animal cells can only be determined when we have an understanding of the metabolism of the different types of animal cells. 

Laudise, R. A., Reprinted from Crystal Growth, Supplement to J. Phys. Chem. Solids, Pergamon Press, 3-16 (1967). 

A newly isolated soil bacterium grows without oxygen but requires ferric ion in the growth medium. Succinate suffices as a carbon source, but neither hexoses nor pyruvate can be utilized. The bacteria require riboflavin as a growth supplement. Neither niacin nor thiamin is required, and neither substance nor compounds derived from them can be found in the cells. The electron carriers found in the bacteria are cytochrome b, cytochrome c, FAD, and coenzyme Q. 

Copper is widely used in veterinary medical products. Copper sulfate is used by veterinarians to treat cattle and sheep for helminthiasis and infectious pododermatitis. Cuprol (a 1% solution of cupric oleinate) is used to control lice. Copper is routinely used as a growth supplement in the diets of swine Sus sp.) in the United Kingdom and elsewhere diets may contain as much as 250.0 mg Cu/kg ration. The intensity of pig fanning within about 10 km from the coast may influence copper content in estuarine sediments. For example, intensive pig farming in coastal Brittany, France, increased soil copper concentrations by 0.6kg/ha aimually and increased coastal sediment copper concentrations to as high as 49.6 mg/kg DW. 

MCD-131 medium supplemental with microvascular growth supplement (Life Technologies)... 

Strain Growth supplement Inhibitor Acetylornithine 8-transaminase Argininosuccinase... 

However, the a and p2 sub-units were shown to combine when mixed and in combination as the fully associated L-tryptophan synthetase a 2 complex they catalysed a reaction which is the sum of (0 and (h) but in which indole (40)—a product of (0 and a substrate for ( )—was not detectable as a free intermediate. Thus indole (40), although it can enter the pathway between indoleglycerol-3-phos-phate (38) and L-tryptophan (3) either as a growth supplement or an accumulated product, may not be a true physiological intermediate. Yanofsky and his collaborators have observed that the full a/ 2 complex has an enhanced catalytic activity relative to the component a and P2 sub-units and that there is a concomitant gain in specificity for the reaction (ii). Thus the a 2a complex was 100 times more active than the a sub-unit in reaction (i) and 30 times more active than the 2 sub-unit in reaction (ii). In addition these workers observed that the intermediate 0. 2 complex was about one half as active per p2 sub-unit as the tetrameric complex and they concluded that each a unit contributed equally to each of the two identical active sites in the full a 2 enzyme. During the process of synthesis of the complex it has been assumed that the /S chains dimerise rapidly and then become associated with the a chains to give the tetrameric species. 

Vandak D, Zigova TM, Sturdik E (1995b) Effect of growth supplements and whey pretreatment on butyric acid production by Clostridium butyricum. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 11 363... 

June 1940 Development and Growth Editors of Growth Supplement to Vol. 2, 1940... 

---