Cancer studies

Comparative Toxicokinetics. In humans, the targets for trichloroethylene toxicity are the liver, kidney, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. Experimental animal studies support this conclusion, although the susceptibilities of some targets, such as the liver, appear to differ between rats and mice. The fact that these two species could exhibit such different effects allows us to question which species is an appropriate model for humans. A similar situation occurred in the cancer studies, where results in rats and mice had different outcomes. The critical issue appears to be differences in metabolism of trichloroethylene across species (Andersen et al. 1980 Buben and O Flaherty 1985 Filser and Bolt 1979 Prout et al. 1985 Stott et al. 1982). Further studies relating the metabolism of humans to those of rats and mice are needed to confirm the basis for differences in species and sex susceptibility to trichloroethylene s toxic effects and in estimating human heath effects from animal data. Development and validation of PBPK models is one approach to interspecies comparisons of data. 

HORN-ROSS P L, HOGGATT K J, LEE M M (2002) Phytoestrogeus and thyroid cancer risk the San Francisco bay area thyroid cancer study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 11 43-9. 

Joint Iran-International Agency for Research on Cancer Study Group. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1977, 59, 1127-1138. 

The most commonly used system of staging SCLC was developed originally by the Veterans Administration Lung Cancer Study Group. This system categorizes SCLC into two classifications limited and extensive disease.16... 

CA 125 is a mucin-like glycoprotein antigenic determinant expressed on the surface of coelomic epithelium and human ovarian carcinoma cells however, it does not appear to be specific for ovarian cancer because elevated levels have been reported in breast and colorectal cancers. Studies have shown increased CA 125 levels in patients with ovarian cancer, whereas decreased CA 125 levels in chemotherapy are associated with improved possibility for survival. Some studies have shown failure of CA 125 levels to return to normal after chemotherapy, indicating... 

REF Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group. NEJM 1991 324 1685-1690... 

Swerdlow AJ, Jones ME, British Tamoxifen Second Cancer Study Group (2005) Tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer and risk of endometrial cancer a case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 97(5) 375-384... 

Mourits MJ, Bockermann I, de Vries EG, van derZee AG, ten Hoor KA,van derGraaf WT, Sluiter WJ, Willemse PH (2002) Tamoxifen effects on subjective and psychosexual wellbeing, in a randomised breast cancer study comparing high-dose and standard-dose chemotherapy. Br J Cancer 86 1546-1550... 

Vogler, W.R. et al. 1992. A phase HI trial comparing idarubicin and daunorubicin in combination with cytarabine in acute myelogenous leukemia A Southeastern Cancer Study Group study. J Clin Oncol. 10 1103. 

Baldetorp B, Stal O, Ahrens O, Comelisse C, Corver W, Falkmer U, et al. Different calculation methods for flow cytometric S-phase fraction prognostic implications in breast cancer The Swedish Society of Cancer Study Group. Cytometry. 1998 Dec l 33(4) 385-93. 

Several compounds have been isolated from propolis and among them, kaempferide has been reported to have several pharmaceutical functions, including melanogenesis inhibitor [15], antioxidant [16], and hypertension modulator [17], However, whether treatment of carcinoma cells with kaempferide has an antiproliferative effect is unclear as cancer study of it is rare until now. 

Animal data include a 76-week inhalation study in rats that did not result in cancer (Riley et al. 1980), a 2-year oral study in rats that resulted in renal cancer in males (NTP 1987), and a 2-year study in mice that resulted in liver cancer (NTP 1987). No data using the dermal route were located. Additional data via the inhalation route would be useful since chronic inhalation exposures to 1,4-dichlorobenzene in the air of the home and the workplace are the main sources of human exposure to this compound. No further studies via the oral route appear to be necessary at this time. Chronic-duration cancer studies via the dermal route may be useful since chronic dermal contact with 1,4-dichlorobenzene at low levels in drinking water occurs in several U.S. communities. 

The Carcinogenic Potency Database (CPDB) is a unique and widely used international database containing results from 6153 chronic, long-term animal cancer studies on 1485 chemicals. CPDB... 

Shangguan D, Li Y, Tang Z et al (2006) Aptamers evolved from live cells as effective molecular prohes for cancer study. Proc Nad Acad Sci USA 103 11838-11843... 

NygaA, Cheema U, Loizidou M (2011) 3D tumom models novel in vitro approaches to cancer studies. J Cell Commun Signal 5 239-248... 

Wolff J A, Newton WA Jr, KrivitW, etal. Single versus multiple dose dactinomycin therapy of Wilms s tumor. A controlled co-operative study conducted by the Children s Cancer Study Group A (formerly Acute Leukemia Co-operative Chemotherapy Group A). N Engl J Med 1968 279(6) 290-294. 

Induction chemotherapy plus radiation compared with surgery plus radiation in patients with advanced laryngeal cancer The Department of Veterans Affairs Laryngeal Cancer Study Group. N Eng J Med 1991 324 1685-1690. 

Weiden PL, Piantodosi S. Preoperative chemotherapy cisplatin and fluorouracil and radiation therapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer A phase II study of the Lung Cancer Study Group. JNatl Cancer Oust 1991 83 266-272. 

Munro and colleagues evaluated 54 trials including those prior to 1965 (71). Two trials included were specifically for maxillary sinus carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Additionally, the Veteran s Laryngeal Cancer study with the end-point being organ preservation was also included. In this study, the overall benefit of adding chemotherapy was 6.5% (3.7% for induction, 12.1% for concomitant, adjuvant chemotherapy was not assessed). 

Overgaard J, Hansen HS, Overgaard M, et al. A randomized double-blind phase III study of nimorazole as a hypoxic radiosensitizer of primary radiotherapy in supraglottic larynx and pharynx carcinoma. Results of the Danish Head and Neck Cancer Study (DAHANCA) Protocol 5-85. Radiother Oncol 1998 46 135-146. 

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