Lung Cancer Study Group

The most commonly used system of staging SCLC was developed originally by the Veterans Administration Lung Cancer Study Group. This system categorizes SCLC into two classifications limited and extensive disease.16... 

Weiden PL, Piantodosi S. Preoperative chemotherapy cisplatin and fluorouracil and radiation therapy in stage III non-small cell lung cancer A phase II study of the Lung Cancer Study Group. JNatl Cancer Oust 1991 83 266-272. 

CALGB, Cancer and Leukemia Group B LCSG, Lung Cancer Study Group MVP, mitomycin/ vinblastine/cisplatin VP, vinblastine/cisplatin RT, radiation therapy. 

The Ludwig Lung Cancer Study Group (LLCSG). Immunostimulation with intrapleural BCG as adjuvant therapy in resected non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 1986 58(ll) 2411-6. 

Ludwig Lung Cancer Study Group. Adverse effect of intrapleural Corynebacterium parvum as adjuvant therapy in resected stage I and II non-small cell carcinoma of the lung. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1985 89(6) 842-7. 

Furuse K, Kubota K, Kawahara M, Kodama N, Ogawara M, Akira M, Nakajima S, Takada M, Kusunoki Y, Negoro S, et al. Phase II study of concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy for unresectable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer. Southern Osaka Lung Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1995 13(4) 869-75. 

A two-stage classification established by the Veterans Administration Lung Cancer Study Group is widely used in the United States to stage SCLC. Limited disease is classified as disease confined to one hemithorax and to the regional lymph nodes. All other disease is classified as extensive. Approximately 70% of patients initially present... 

The Lung Cancer Study Group. Effects of postoperative mediastinal radiation on completely resected stage 11 and 111 epidermoid cancer of the lung. N Engl J Med 1986 315 1377-1381. 

Masuda N, Fukuoka M, Fujita A, et al. A phase 11 trial of combination CPT-11 and cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. CPT-11 Lung Cancer Study Group. Br J Cancer 1998 78 251-256. 

R. Feld, L.V. Rubinstein, T.H. Weisenberger and the Lung Cancer Study Group (1984). Sites of recurrence in resected stage I Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. A guide for future studies. J. Clin. Oncol., 2, 1352-1358. 

R.J. Ginsberg, L.V. Rubinstein (1995). Randomized trial of lobectomy versus limited resection for TINO non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer Study Group. Am. Thorac. Surg., 60, 6615-6623. 

Fossella, FV., DeVore, R., Kerr, R.N., et al. (2000). Randomized phase III trial of docetaxel versus vinorelbine of ifosfamide in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-containing chemotherapy regimens. The TAX 320 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Study Group. J. Clin. Oncol. 18, 2354-2362. 

Rusch VW, Figlin R, Godwin D, Piantadosi S. Intrapleural cisplatin and cytarabine in the management of malignant pleural effusions a Lung Cancer Study Group trial. J Clin Oncol 1991 9 313-319. 

Birch R, Omura GA, Greco FA, et al. Patterns of failure in combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy for limited small-cell lung cancer Southeastern Cancer Study Group experience. NCIMonogr 1988 6 265-270. 

Milroy R. A randomised clinical study of verapamil in addition to combination chemotherapy in small cell lung cancer. West of Scotland Lung Cancer Research Group, and the Aberdeen Oncology Group. Br J Cancer 1993 68(4) 813-818. 

Roth BJ, Johnson DH, Einhorn LH, et al. Randomized study of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and vincristine versus etoposide and cisplatin versus alternation of these two regimens in extensive small-cell lung cancer A phase III trial of the Southeastern Cancer Study Group. J Clin Oncol 1992 10 282-291. 

The a-tocopherol, P-carotene (ATBC) Cancer Prevention study was a randomised-controlled trial that tested the effects of daily doses of either 50 mg (50 lU) vitamin E (all-racemic a-tocopherol acetate), or 20 mg of P-carotene, or both with that of a placebo, in a population of more than 29,000 male smokers for 5-8 years. No reduction in lung cancer or major coronary events was observed with any of the treatments. What was more startling was the unexpected increases in risk of death from lung cancer and ischemic heart disease with P-carotene supplementation (ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, 1994). Increases in the risk of both lung cancer and cardiovascular disease mortality were also observed in the P-carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET), which tested the effects of combined treatment with 30 mg/d P-carotene and retinyl pahnitate (25,000 lU/d) in 18,000 men and women with a history of cigarette smoking or occupational exposure to asbestos (Hennekens et al, 1996). 

ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL BETA-CAROTENE (ATBC) CANCER PREVENTION STUDY GROUP (1994) The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers , New Engl J Med, 330, 1029. 

It is well known that excessive intake of P-carotene may lead to carotenodermia (yellow skin), and it is undoubtedly the case that some carotenoid is directly lost via the skin or through photo-oxidation in the skin. As far as is known the carotenoids are not cytotoxic or genotoxic even at concentrations up to 10 times the normal plasma concentration which may cause carotenodermia. However, they are associated with amenorrhoea in girls who may be consuming bizarre diets and, in long-term supplementation studies, with an increase in lung cancer (The Alpha-tocopherol, Beta-carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group, 1994). 

The interaction of carotenoids with cigarette smoke has become a subject of interest since the results of the Alpha-Tocopherol Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group 1994 (ATBC) and CARET (Omenn et al. 1996) studies were released. P-Carotene has been hypothesized to promote lung carcinogenesis by acting as a prooxidant in the smoke-exposed lung. Thus, the autoxidation of P-carotene in the presence of cigarette smoke was studied in model systems (toluene) (Baker et al. 1999). The major product was identified as 4-nitro-P-carotene, but apocarotenals and P-carotene epoxides were also encountered. 

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