Kidney cancer case study

Bianchi et al. (2000) examined the association between usual adult tea consumption and risk of bladder and kidney cancers in a population-based case-control study that included 1452 bladder cancer cases, 406 kidney cancer cases, and 2434 controls. For bladder cancer, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios were 0.9 for <1.0 cup/day, 1.0 for... 

Early on, Shennan33 in 1973 and later Armstrong and Doll34 in 1975 found strong positive correlations between international kidney cancer rates and coffee consumption. However, in a matched case-control study... 

Based on a combination of available human case studies and experiments with laboratory animals, the major public health concerns associated with exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene are effects on the liver, kidneys, and blood. Some immunological, dermatological, and neurological effects have also been reported in exposed humans. There is information from animal studies which raises the question of whether 1,4-dichlorobenzene can cross the placenta and elicit structural effects on the developing fetus. Data from a study conducted in rats using the intraperitoneal route have demonstrated sperm abnormalities. Cancer of the liver as a result of lifetime exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene has been shown in mice, and renal cancer has been reported in male rats. However, recent studies related to the mechanism of renal carcinogenesis in rats suggest that these tumors may not be expected to occur in exposed humans. Issues relevant to children are explicitly discussed in Section 2.6, Children s Susceptibility, and Section 5.6, Exposures of Children. 

Information on the association of arsenic with skin cancer has primarily involved nonoc-cupational populations exposed to contaminated drinking water. Ingestion of arsenic has also been associated with lung, liver, bladder, and kidney cancers. Dose-response data for these cancers are available from epidemiological studies of a Taiwanese population exposed for 45 years to high levels of arsenic in the drinking water and involving more than 7000 cases of arsenical disease. For water arsenic... 

Association of arsenic in drilled wells and water in Finland and the association of arsenic exposure to bladder and kidney cancers has been studied.33 Between 1981 and 1995, as many as 61 cases of bladder cancers and 49 cases of kidney cancer in 275 subjects have been observed. While statistical studies show no significance with kidney cancer, bladder cancer did show a risk associated with low-level exposure to arsenic through drinking water.33 35 Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. 

To explore the possible cause of reported cancer excesses, and particularly to examine the possible relationship between the town s toxic waste situation and the childhood leukemia case concentration, MDPH and CDC, in 1980, conducted a joint study. Incidence patterns for selected types of cancer were studied by using data collected from local and regional hospital sources. Increased frequencies for childhood leukemia and for kidney cancer were confirmed, with the childhood leukemia excess being located in one particular census tract. 

Bladder and Kidney Cancer and Other Urological Diseases. The excretory pattern in cases of bladder tumor has been studied for many years in our laboratory (B5, B8) after Boyland and Williams (B18) had suspected that o-aminophenolic metabolites of tryptophan (i.e., 3-hydroxykynurenine, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and 2-amino-3-hydroxy-acetophenone) might be endogenous agents of bladder cancer simi-... 

A recent case-control study in a cohort of about 100,000 male refinery workers from five petroleum companies revealed no excess in kidney cancer in refinery workers (Poole et al. 1993) The relative risk for any exposure above refinery background levels was estimated to be 1.0. In contrast, workers involved in the distribution, transport, and movement of petroleum products (job category... 

IARC (1989d) concluded that there was inadequate evidence for the carcinogenicity of jet fuel in humans and animals, but noted that there is limited evidence for the carcinogenicity in experimental animals of straight-run kerosene and hydrotreated kerosene. IARC s review included a cohort mortality study that found no increased cancer risk in men exposed to jet fuel, aviation kerosene, and other fuels in the Swedish Air force elevated risk for kidney cancer in men exposed to jet fuel in a Canadian case-control study and both positive and negative findings for skin cancer in studies of mice dermally exposed to jet fuels. 

The well-publicized substance known as Coenzyme QIO, or CoQlO, receives favorable mention as an anticancer agent in an article by Christi Yerby appearing in the October 2005 issue of Life Extension. He states that low levels of CoQlO were found in patients with myeloma, lymphoma, and cancers of the breast, lung, prostate, pancreas, colon, kidney, head, and neck. In one case study, a woman with breast cancer experienced a stabilized tumor from taking 90 mg/day of CoQlO. When the daily dose was increased to 390 mg, the tumor disappeared. It was mentioned that CoQlO is synthesized from the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine in a cascade of reactions that involve vitamin C and the B vitamins B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, plus folic acid. Although the body produces CoQlO naturally, this is sometimes not enough. An earlier reference is S.T. Sinatra s The Coenzyme QIO Phenomenon, published in 1998. 

None of three US industry-based case-control studies suggested an association between exposure to hydrogen chloride and cancers of the lung, brain, or kidney. This result was consistent with a rodent bioassay in... 

In the Montreal case-control study carried out by Siemiatycki (1991) (see monograph on dichloromethane in this volume), the investigators estimated the associations between 293 workplace substances and several types of cancer. Isocyanates were one of the substances, and it was stated that the most common form in this study was toluene diisocyanates. The main occupations to which isocyanate exposure was attributed in this study were motor vehicle refinishers, motor vehicle mechanics and foundry workers. Only 0.8% of the study subjects had ever been exposed to isocyanates. For most types of cancer examined (oesophagus, stomach, colon, rectum, pancreas, prostate, bladder, kidney, skin melanoma, lymphoma), there was no indication of an excess risk due to isocyanates. For lung cancer, in the population subgroup of French Canadians (the majority ethnic group in this region), based on 10 cases exposed at any level, the odds ratio was 2.2 (90% CI, 0.9-5.3). [The interpretation of the null results has to take into account the small numbers and presumably low exposure levels. Workers had multiple exposures.]... 

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