Maxillary sinuses

Reimer, A., von Mecklenberg, C., and Toremalm, N. G. (1978). The mucociliary activity of the upper respiratory tract. III. A functional and morphological study on human and animal mare-tial with special reference to maxillary sinus diseases. Acta Otolaryngol., 1-20. 

Upper respiratory tract Acute otitis media-Acute maxillary sinusitis Pharyngitis/Tonsillitis... 

Acute maxillary sinusitis 500 mg q24h lOto 14 days... 

Acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis/community-acquired pneumonia/acute maxillary sinusitis/uncomplicated SSSI/chronic bacterial prostatitis... 

Munro and colleagues evaluated 54 trials including those prior to 1965 (71). Two trials included were specifically for maxillary sinus carcinoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Additionally, the Veteran s Laryngeal Cancer study with the end-point being organ preservation was also included. In this study, the overall benefit of adding chemotherapy was 6.5% (3.7% for induction, 12.1% for concomitant, adjuvant chemotherapy was not assessed). 

Goren AD, Harley N, Eisenbud L, et al. 1980. Clinical and radiobiologic features of Thorotrast induced carcinoma of the maxillary sinus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 49 237-242. 

Levofloxacin (1), the levo-isomer or the (5)-enantiomer of ofloxacin, received FDA approval in 1996 (Fish, 2003 Hurst et al., 2002 Mascaretti, 2003 Norrby, 1999 North et al., 1998). The initial approval covered community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections (North et al., 1998). Four years later, the levofloxacin indication list grew to include community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, in 2002, nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Kliebsella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was added (Hurst et al., 2002). Finally in 2004, LVX was approved as a post-exposure treatment for individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, via inhalation (FDA, 2004). 

Acute maxillary sinusitis PO 300 mg ql2h or600 mg q24hfor 10 days. 

A 34-year-old woman had to stop using nafarelin nasal spray after 14 days because of exacerbation of maxillary sinusitis (8). 

Heinig J, Coenen-Worch V, Cirkel U. Acute exacerbation of chronic maxillary sinusitis during therapy with nafarelin nasal spray. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol... 

Wagner, J. A. et al. (2002). A phase II, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of tgAAVCF using maxillary sinus delivery in... 

Cervin and Lindberg (1998) examined the shortterm effects of halothane, isoflurane and desflurane on mucociliary activity in the rabbit maxillary sinus in vivo. 

Smoking and a blockage in the sinus drainage cavities, such as a nasal polyp, can cause acute sinusitis. Sometimes, an infected tooth can cause the maxillary sinuses to become infected. 

Catalano P, Lawson W, Bottone E, Lebenger J Basidiomycetous (mushroom) infection of the maxillary sinus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990 102 183-185. 

Rosenthal J, Katz R, DuBois DB, Morrissey A, Machicao A Chronic maxillary sinusitis associated with the mushroom Schizophyllum commune in a patient with AIDS. Clin Infect Dis 1992 14 46 8. 

Sigler L, Bartley JR, Parr DH, Morris AJ Maxillary sinusitis caused by medusoid form of Schizophyllum commune. J Clin Microbiol 1999 37 3395-3398. 

Fig. 1 (A) Cross-sectional structure of the human nose. NV = nasal vestibule AT = atrium NP = nasopharynx IT = interior turbinate and orifice of the nasolacrimal duct MT = middle turbinate and orifices of frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal sinuses, and maxillary sinus ST = superior turbinate and orifices of posterior ethmoidal sinuses hatched area, olfactory region. (B) Four major cell types in the nasal epithelium (a) non-ciliated columnar cell with microvilli (b) goblet cell with mucous granules and Golgi apparatus (c) basal cell and (d) ciliated columnar cell with many mitochondria in the apical part. (Reprinted from Ref. with permission from Elsevier.)...

Haye R, Lingaas E, Hoivik HO, Odegard T. Azithromycin versus placebo in acute infectious rhinitis with clinical symptoms but without radiological signs of maxillary sinusitis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1998 17(5) 309-12. 

Clarithromycin (250 mg bd for 10 days) was as effective as cefuroxime axetil (250 mg bd for 10 days) in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis in a randomized,... 

Stefansson P, J acovides A, Jablomcky P, Sedan S, Staley H. Cefuroxime axetil versus clarithromycin in the treatment of acute maxillary sinusitis. Rhinology 1998 36(4) 173-8. 

A 56-year-old chronic intranasal cocaine abuser with a visible nasal defect presented with a hole in the roof of his mouth. He had been reportedly drug free for 2 weeks. He had an oronasal fistula with adjacent black necrotic areas and erosive destruction of the nasal septum, turbinates, and antrum, with mucoperiosteal thickening of the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses. Treatment included antibiotics and a prosthesis plate construction... 

A 55-year-old man with maxillary sinus cancer declined conventional therapy and opted to treat his condition with hydrazine sulfate obtained via the Internet. He had followed the recommended regimen for 4 months when he developed fulminant hepatorenal failure, hepatic encephalopathy, and profound coagulopathy. He died of severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. 

Garrison N, Spector S, Buffington D, Stafford C, Granito K, Zhang H, Talbot GH. Sparfloxacin for the treatment of acute bacterial maxillary sinusitis documented by sinus puncture. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000 84(1) 63-71. 

Ehrich DG, Brian JD Jr, and Walker WA (1993) Sodium hypochlorite accident Inadvertent injection into the maxillary sinus. Journal of Endodontics 19(4) 180-182. 

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