Cardiovascular response

Umbellatine was examined by Gupta and Kahali, who found that it killed Paramoecium at 1 in 500 and Leishmania tropica at 1 in 50,000, but did not inhibit L. donovani or Entamoeba histolytica at 1 in 10,000. It remembles berberine in the nature and range of its pharmacological activity but is more active in producing cardiovascular response and is possibly more potent in the treatment of oriental sore. 

FIGURE 9.13 Cardiovascular responses to the PDE inhibitor fenoximone in different contexts, (a) In vivo effects of fenoximone in anesthetized dogs. Ordinates reflect positive inotropy. Redrawn from [47]. (b) In vitro effects of fenoximone in guinea pig untreated isolated left atria (filled circles) and atria in the presence of sub threshold P-adrenoceptor stimulation with prenalterol (open circles). Redrawn from [48]. 

Kahkonen S Alcohol withdrawal changes cardiovascular responses to propranolol challenge. Neuropsychobiology 47 192—197, 2003 Kessler RC, McGonagle KA, Zhao S, et al Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 8-19,1994... 

France, C., and Ditto, B., Cardiovascular responses to the combination of caffeine and mental arithmetic, cold pressor, and static exercise stressors. Psychophysiology 29, 272-282, 1992. 

Perkins, K. A., Sexton, J. E., Stiller, R. L., Fonte, C., et-al., Subjective and cardiovascular responses to nicotine combined with caffeine during rest and casual activity. Psychopharmacology 113(3-4), 438-444, 1994. 

Miller, S. and Sita, A., Parental history of hypertension, menstrual cycle phase and cardiovascular response to stress. Psychosomatic Medicine 56(1), 61-69, 1994. 

Van-Dusseldorf, M., Smits, P., Lenders, J. W., Temme, L., et al., Effects of coffee on cardiovascular responses to stress A 14-week controlled trial. Psychosomatic Medicine 54(3), 344-353, 1992. 

Del Rio, G., Menozzi, R., Zizzo, G., Avogaro, A., Marrano, P. and Velardo, A., Increased cardiovascular response to caffeine in perimenopausal women before and during estrogen therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 135(5), 598-603, 1996. 

Pincomb, G. A., Sung, B. H., Sausen, K. P., Lovallo, W. R., and Wilson, M. F., Consistency of cardiovascular response pattern to caffeine across multiple studies using impedance and nuclear cardiography. Biological Psychology 36, 131-138., 1993. 

Badon, L.A., Hicks, A., Lord, K., Ogden, B.A., Meleg-Smith, S., and Varner, K.J., Changes in cardiovascular responsiveness and cardiotoxicity elicited during binge administration of Ecstasy, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 302(3), 898-907, 2002. 

Farella M, Bakke M, Michelotti A, Marotta G and Martina R (1999). Cardiovascular responses in human to experimental chewing of gums of different consistencies. Archives of Oral Biology, 44, 835-842. 

Chen Y-C, Lu R-B, Peng G-S et al. Alcohol metabolism and cardiovascular response in an alcoholic patient homozygous for the ALDH2 2 variant gene allele. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1999 23 1853— 60. 

The cardiovascular responses of a normal man were recorded and are shown in the accompanying figure following a 15-min infusion of drug X. Which of the following was most likely drug X ... 

McKim, J.M., P.K. Schmeider, G.J. Niemi, R.W. Carlson, and T.R. Henry. 1987. Use of respiratory-cardiovascular responses of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in identifying acute toxicity syndromes in fish. Part 2. Malathion, carbaryl, acrolein and benzaldehyde. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 6 313-328. 

Franchini KG, Krieger EM. 1993. Cardiovascular responses of conscious rats to carotid body chemoreceptor stimulation by intravenous KCN. J Auton Nerv Syst 42(l) 63-69. 

Torp-Pedersen C, Caterson 1, Coutinho W, Finer N, Van Gaal L, Maggioni A et al. Cardiovascular responses to weight management and sibutramine in high-risk subjects an analysis from the SCOUT trial. Eur Heart J 2007 28(23) 2915-23. 

Patients with combat-related PTSD compared to healthy controls had enhanced behavioral, biochemical, and cardiovascular responses to the a2 antagonist yohimbine, which stimulates central NE release (Southwick et al. 1993, 1997). Moreover, a positron emission tomography study demonstrated that PTSD patients have a cerebral metabolic response to yohimbine consistent with increased NE release (Bremner et al. 1997b). 

Nalepa I, Kreiner G, Kowalska M, Sanak M, Zelek-Molik A, Vetulani J (2002) Repeated imipramine electroconvulsive shock increase alpha(lA)-adrenoceptor mRNA level in rat prefrontal cortex. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 444 151-159 Nesse RM, Ciu-tis GC, Thyer BA, McCann DS, Huber-Smith MJ, Knopf RF (1985) Endocrine and cardiovascular responses during phobic anxiety. Psychosom Med 47 320-332 Nisenbaiun LK, Zigmund MJ, Sved AF, Abercrombie ED (1991) Prior exposure to chronic stress results in enhanced synthesis and release of hippocampal norepinephrine in response to a novel stressor. J Neurosci 11 1473-1484 Nutt DJ (1989) Altered alpha2-adrenoceptor sensitivity in panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 46 165-169... 

The cardiovascular response to dopamine in humans depends on the concentration infused. Low rates of dopamine infusion can produce vasodilation in the renal, mesenteric, coronary, and intercerebral vascular beds with little effect on other blood vessels or on the heart. The vasodilation produced by dopamine is not antagonized by the p-adrenoceptor blocking agent propranolol but is antagonized by haloperidol and other dopamine receptor-blocking agents. 

B. Phenylephrine is an aj-selective agonist. It causes an increase in peripheral vascular resistance. The major cardiovascular response to this drug is a rise in blood pressure associated with reflex bradycardia. The slowing of the heart rate is blocked by atropine. 

This pattern differs from that seen following administration with either a conventional (3- or a-blocker. Acute administration of a (3-blocker produces a decrease in heart rate and cardiac output with little effect on blood pressure, while acute administration of an a-blocker leads to a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance and a reflexively initiated increase in cardiac rate and output. Thus, the pattern of cardiovascular responses observed after labetalol administration combines the features of (3- and a-blockade, that is, a decrease in peripheral vascular resistance (due to a-blockade and direct vascular effects) without an increase in cardiac rate and output (due to (3-blockade). 

Prolonged oral therapy with labetalol results in cardiovascular responses similar to those obtained following conventional (3-blocker administration, that is, decreases in peripheral vascular resistance, blood pressure, and heart rate. Generally, however, the decrease in heart rate is less pronounced than after administration of propranolol or other (3-blockers. 

Whereas the most striking cardiovascular response to the monopyridinlum monoxlmes is hypertension, that to the blspyrldinlum blsoxlmes 1b prolonged hypotension after an Initial, short hypertensive response. The hypertension and tachycardia that have been induced by initial... 

Anesthetic techniques that have minimized adverse effects include the use of muscle relaxants and, more recently, nerve stimulators to assess adequacy of relaxation, the introduction of very rapid acting, short-duration barbiturates, and the use of atropinic agents to minimize the cardiovascular response to a combination of a seizure and anesthesia (93). In addition, 100% oxygenation (adequacy monitored by a pulse oximeter) with positive-pressure ventilation can minimize related cardiac events and memory disruption. 

---