Calcium antacids

Administration - To maximize absorption and clinical benefit, patients should take ibandronate at least 60 minutes before the first food or drink (other than water) of the day or before taking any oral medication or supplementation, including calcium, antacids, or vitamins. 

Recent concern relative to the high incidence of osteoporosis in elderly, female, Americans has resulted in increased usage of calcium supplements. Calcium carbonate contains more calcium per weight unit of the salt than does calcium phosphate, calcium lactate or calcium gluconate hence, either calcium carbonate or one of the calcium carbonate forms such as oyster shells or dolomite is most often the calcium salt choice for use in a supplement since fewer capsules need to be taken Z). Since calcium carbonate preparations marketed as antacids are often sold at a price lower than are those calcium carbonate preparations marketed as calcium supplements, calcium antacid preparations are currently being used as calcium supplements. 

Onset and duration of action Sodium bicarbonate acts very quickly, but its effects are short-lived. Aluminum antacids are the slowest in onset, but have a long duration. Calcium and magnesium antacids are intermediate, with magnesium antacids being somewhat longer in duration and slower in onset than calcium antacids. 

Diarrhea, i renal function (result hypermagnesemia) maiabsorption syndrome. PO. Well absorbed, quickly excreted by kidney. II II Used with aluminum or calcium antacids to prevent constipation. 

Calcium carbonate is used in food and pharmaceutical appHcations for both its chemical and physical properties. It is used as an antacid, as a calcium supplement in foods, as a mild abrasive in toothpaste, and in chewing gum to name only a few (see EoOD ADDITIVES). 

When administered with ranitidine, alendronate bioavailability is increased. When calcium supplements or antacids are administered with risedronate or alendronate, absorption of the bisphosphonates is decreased, hi addition, risedronate absorption is inhibited when the drug is administered with magnesium and aluminum. There is an increased risk of gastrointestinal... 

The magnesium- and sodium-containing antacids may have a laxative effect and produce diarrhea Ahiminum-and calcium-containing products tend to produce constipation. Some of the less common but more serious adverse reactions include ... 

Calcium-containing antacids—rebound hyperacidity, metabolic alkalosis, hypercalcemia, vomiting, confusion, headache, renal calculi, and neurologic impairment... 

Calcium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide antacids may decrease the effectiveness of the digestive enzymes. When administered concurrently with an iron preparation, the digestive enzymes decrease the absorption of oral iron preparations. 

Antacids containing either calcium carbonate or aluminum hydroxide... 

ANTACIDS. When antacids are given, the nurse keeps a record of the patient s bowel movements because these drug may cause constipation or diarrhea. If the patient experiences diarrhea, the nurse keeps an accurate record of fluid intake and output along with a description of the diarrhea stool. Changing to a different antacid usually alleviates the problem. Diarrhea may be controlled by combining a magnesium antacid with an antacid containing aluminum or calcium. 

Magnesium-containing products may produce a laxative effect and may cause diarrhea aluminum- or calcium-containing antacids may cause constipation magnesium-containing antacids are used to avoid bowel dysfunction. 

Thiazide diuretics, calcium-containing antacids, vitamin D, and lithium... 

Medications (analgesics, anticholinergerics, calcium channel blockers, clonidine, diuretics, phenothiazines, tricyclic antidepressants, iron supplements, calcium- and aluminum-containing antacids)... 

Hyperphosphatemia is generally benign and rarely needs aggressive therapy. Dietary restriction of phosphate and protein is effective for most minor elevations. Phosphate binders such as aluminum-based antacids, calcium carbonate, calcium acetate (PhosLo , Nabi), sevelamer (Renagel , Genzyme), and lanthanum carbonate (Fosrenol , Shire) may be necessary for some patients.43 If patients exhibit findings of hypocalcemia (tetany), IV calcium should be administered empirically. 

A recent consensus panel recommends calcium- or magnesium-containing antacids as first-line therapies for heartburn in pregnancy.21 This recommendation was based on the added benefit of calcium and magnesium supplementation. Avoid antacids containing aluminum hydroxide owing to associations with fetal neurotoxicity.22... 

Most of the interactions with mycophenolate mofetil and enteric-coated MPA are due to reductions in intestinal absorption. Aluminum-, magnesium-, or calcium-containing antacids decrease the peak level and overall exposure of MPA from either of the preparations.11 If a patient requires liquid antacids, they should be administered at least 4 hours before... 

Doxycycline 100 mg twice daily Avoid in children under 8 years Can cause photosensitivity, gastrointestinal problems, tooth staining in young children many drug-drug interactions (antacids, iron, calcium)... 

There are problems as well in the absorption of certain drugs in the presence of specific food components. L-Dopa absorption may be inhibited in the presence of certain amino acids formed from the digestion of proteins [43], The absorption of tetracycline is reduced by calcium salts present in dairy foods and by several other cations, including magnesium and aluminum [115-117], which are often present in antacid preparations. In addition, iron and zinc have been shown to reduce tetracycline absorption [118], Figure 17 illustrates several of these interactions. These cations react with tetracycline to form a water-in-soluble and nonabsorbable complex. Obviously, these offending materials should not be co-administered with tetracycline antibiotics. 

Calcium carbonate is the primary component of seashells, antacids, marble and limestone (e.g. stalactites and stalagmites in caves), blackboard chalk, scale in water pipes, and calcium supplements for people and animals. It is also used to capture S02 gas in fossil fuel burning boilers, thereby helping to prevent acid rain, and as a soil additive to provide pH adjustment and calcium to farmers soil. 

Intermittent, mild heartburn Lifestyle modifications plus patient-directed therapy Antacids Maalox or Mylanta 30 mL as needed or after meals and at bedtime Gaviscon 2 tabs after meals and at bedtime Calcium carbonate 500 mg, 2-4 tablets as needed and/or Nonprescription 11 receptor antagonists (taken up to twice daily) Cimetidine 200 mg Famotidine 10 mg Nizatidine 75 mg Ranitidine 75 mg or... 

Single or combination nonprescription antacid products, especially those containing magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, and/or calcium carbonate, may provide sufficient relief from simple nausea or vomiting, primarily through gastric acid neutralization. 

Drug therapy, if necessary, may be initiated with aluminum, calcium, or magnesium antacids sucralfate or cimetidine or ranitidine. Lansoprazole, omeprazole, and metoclopramide are also options if the patient does not respond to histamine-2 receptor blockers. 

Tetracyclines Antacids, iron, calcium sucralfate Decreased absorption of tetracycline Separate by 2 hours... 

Other drugs can cause hypercalcaemia and increase the risk of forming kidney stones that can damage the kidneys and ureters and cause infections. Examples are cytostatic agents, sulphonamides, radiological contrast media, statins (through rhabdomyolysis), vitamin D and intake of calcium and antacids. 

Inorganic compounds such as aluminium hydroxide, sodium bicarbonate, and magnesium and calcium carbonates are commonly used as antacids. There is much scope for the redesign of these agents to achieve fine control of local pH values in the gastrointestinal tract via control of the rate of release of the active bases (e.g., from insoluble compounds). 

Table III. Effect of Small and Large Doses of Aluminum-Containing Antacids on Calcium Metabolism...

It may seem strange that we would ever want to perform an experiment of this kind. First of all it would be used in the event of a slow reaction taking place in the reaction flask. Perhaps the sample is not dissolved completely, and addition of the titrant causes dissolution to take place over a period of minutes or hours. Adding an excess of the titrant and back-titrating it later would seem an appropriate course of action in a case of this kind. An example would be the determination of the calcium carbonate in an antacid tablet (Experiment 13). 

Why is a back titration useful in the analysis of an antacid tablet containing calcium carbonate as the active ingredient ... 

Calcium carbonate (CaCO ) can be in the form of an odorless crystal or powder and is one of calcium s most stable compounds, better known in its natural state as limestone, marble, chalk, calcite, oyster shells, and the minerals marl and travertine. Calcium carbonate is the source of lime and is used as a filler for many products, including paints, plastics, and foods (bread), and as an antacid. 

Antacids containing calcium carbonate have the greatest neutralising capacity but tend to cause acid rebound with long-term use. Calcium carbonate may also lead to hypercalcaemia and the milk-alkali syndrome, which is characterised by nausea, headache and renal damage. 

---