Caffeine anxiety

Glassification of Substance-Related Disorders. The DSM-IV classification system (1) divides substance-related disorders into two categories (/) substance use disorders, ie, abuse and dependence and (2) substance-induced disorders, intoxication, withdrawal, delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnestic disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorder. The different classes of substances addressed herein are alcohol, amphetamines, caffeine, caimabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics, polysubstance, and others. On the basis of their significant socioeconomic impact, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and opioids have been selected for discussion herein. 

Caffeine is considered by pharmacologists to be a mild stimulant of the central nervous system. It has been shown to promote feelings of well being and increased abiUty to perform certain mental tasks efficiently. There are people who are oversensitive to the effects of caffeine overindulgence by these individuals, eg, intake of more than 600 mg caffeine/d, can bring unwanted effects such as anxiety, restlessness, sleeping difficulties, headache, or palpitations of the heart (54). 

Geen tea Camellia sinensis Reduces cancer, lowers lipid levels, helps prevent dental caries, antimicrobial and anti oxidative effects Contains caffeine (may cause mild stimulant effects such as anxiety, nervousness, heart irregularities, restlessness, insomnia, and digestive irritation) Contains caffeine and should be avoided during pregnancy, by individuals with hypertension, anxiety, eating disorders, insomnia, diabetes, and ulcers. 

False. Tea, coffee and cola all contain caffeine, a mild stimulant drug. In small quantities it provides a refreshing increase in energy levels in larger quantities it can lead to headaches, anxiety, agitation, tremors and insomnia. In extreme cases it has been known to cause death. 

Anxiety is related to higher physiological and behavioral arousal levels,98-164 especially levels of affective arousal.185-188 Similarly, caffeine has... 

Despite the well-documented association of caffeine with anxiety and the possibility that there is a neural association between the two, the literature has not been entirely consistent. In fact, a survey of over 9,000 people in England found no relationship between caffeine and anxiety.186 In addition, even though panic disorder patients are hypersensitive to anxiety-producing stimuli and situations,187 189 doses of caffeine under 100 mg do not increase their anxiety levels.188... 

As we have seen, low doses of caffeine (75 to 300 mg) have been shown to increase positive mood states,153 with higher doses leading to more and more positive mood states, at least up to a point.155-265 At the very high levels of consumption (greater than 500 mg) seen in heavy caffeine users,157 the drug can elevate anxiety and depress affect.34 Our more general review of the mood state literature above leaves little doubt that caffeine is a psychoactive drug. 

Totten, G. L., and France, C. R., Physiological and subjective anxiety responses to caffeine and stress in nonclinical panic. Journal of Anxiety Disorders Vol 9(6), 473-488, 1995. 

Bruce, M., Scott, N., Shine, P., and Lader, M., Anxiogenic effects of caffeine in patients with anxiety disorders. Archives of General Psychiatry 49(11), 867-869, 1992. 

Shanahan, M. P., and Hughes, R. N., Potentiation of performance-induced anxiety by caffeine in coffee. Psychological Reports 59, 83-86, 1986. 

Warburton, D. M., Thompson, D. H., An evaluation of the effects of caffeine in terms of anxiety, depression and headache in the general population. Special Issue Caffeine research. Pharmacopsychoecologia 7(2), 55-61, 1994. 

Smith, G. A., Caffeine reduction as an adjunct to anxiety management. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 27(3), 265-266, 1988. 

Greden, J. F., Anxiety or caffeinism A diagnostic dilemma. American Journal of Psychiatry 131, 1089-1096, 1974. 

Beck, J. G., Berisford, M. A., The effects of caffeine on panic patients Response components of anxiety. Behavior Therapy 23(3), 405-422, 1992. 

Sawyer, D. A., Julia, H. L., Turin, A. C., Caffeine and human behavior Arousal, anxiety, and performance effects. Journal of Behavioral Medicine 5(4), 415-439, 1982. 

The importance of adenosine deaminase in the duration and intensity of sleep in humans has been noted recently (Retey et al. 2005). Animal studies suggest that sleep needs are genetically controlled, and this also seems to apply in humans. Probably, a genetic variant of adenosine deaminase, which is associated with the reduced metabolism of adenosine to inosine, specifically enhances deep sleep and slow wave activity during sleep. Thus low activity of the catabolic enzyme for adenosine results in elevated adenosine, and deep sleep. In contrast, insomnia patients could have a distinct polymorphism of more active adenosine deaminase resulting in less adenosine accumulation, insomnia, and a low threshold for anxiety. This could also explain interindividual differences in anxiety symptoms after caffeine intake in healthy volunteers. This could affect the EEG during sleep and wakefulness in a non-state-specific manner. 

In subjects who experience anxiety and unpleasant physiological arousal from caffeine, it can cause an incease in brain lactate (Dager et al. 1999). This is significant in light of the association between lactate and anxiety in general (Dager et al. 1990). 

Bernstein GA, Carroii ME, Crosby RD, Perwien AR, Go FS, Benowitz NL. (1994). Caffeine effects on iearning, performance, and anxiety in normai schooi-age chiidren. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 33(3) 407-15. 

Substance-Induced Anxiety Disorder. Numerous medicines and drugs of abuse can produce panic attacks. Panic attacks can be triggered by central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine, methamphetamine, caffeine, over-the-counter herbal stimulants such as ephedra, or any of the medications commonly used to treat narcolepsy and ADHD, including psychostimulants and modafinil. Thyroid supplementation with thyroxine (Synthroid) or triiodothyronine (Cytomel) can rarely produce panic attacks. Abrupt withdrawal from central nervous system depressants such as alcohol, barbiturates, and benzodiazepines can cause panic attacks as well. This can be especially problematic with short-acting benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax), which is an effective treatment for panic disorder but which has been associated with between dose withdrawal symptoms. 

Once chronic insomnia has developed, it hardly ever spontaneously resolves without treatment or intervention. The toll of chronic insomnia can be very high and the frustration it produces may precipitate a clinical depression or an anxiety disorder. Insomnia is also associated with decreased productivity in the workplace and more frequent use of medical services. Einally, substance abuse problems may result from the inappropriate use of alcohol or sedatives to induce sleep or caffeine and other stimulants to maintain alertness during the day. 

Stress and stress hormones Anxiety or stress can increase energy expenditure, although the effect is small. It is caused by increased sympathetic activity and hence increased levels of the stress hormones adrenaline and noradrenaline. Injection of these hormones increases oxygen consumption, as does caffeine, which... 

The adverse effects of caffeine are a common experience to most caffeine consumers. Too much caffeine results in uncomfortable to adverse central nervous system effects, or neurotoxicity. The effects include restlessness, tension, and mild tremor or the jitters and may progress to feelings of anxiety and even fear. Regular caffeine users soon learn how to manage their caffeine consumption to maintain blood caffeine at a desirable level that produces mild stimulation without the uncomfortable neurotoxic effects. Fortunately, the half-life of caffeine is short, so that any undesirable effects soon decline. Many people also experience insomnia from caffeine consumption. Caffeine s effect on sleep varies from individual to individual. Some people can consume caffeine late in the evening and sleep well, but for other people consumption of caffeine late in the day affects sleep. It is important to understand your own individual response to caffeine. 

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