Energy expenditure increasing

Leptin is a homeostatic hormone. It inhibits food intake and promotes energy expenditnre. Therefore, in the face of a loss in body fat, the levels of leptin decrease and food intake is stimnlated. In contrast, if body fat stores increase, the levels of leptin increase as well and food intake is decreased and energy expenditure increased. Therefore, leptin tends to maintain body weight within fairly close limits. Since ob/ob mice are genetically deficient in leptin, it follows that administration of leptin shonld tend to restore normal body weight. That is exactly what happens. Injection of leptin into ob/ob mice reduces their food intake dramatically and they tend toward the body weights of their normal littermates. In these mice at least, leptin is a powerful force for treatment of obesity. 

On the other hand, studies on human subjects have shown that, by replacing dietary LCT with MCT, the daily energy expenditure increases from 100 kJ (Flat et al., 1985) to 669 kJ (Hill et al., 1989) in men and to 138 kJ/d (White et al., 1999) in women. The MCTs were proposed to be used in the treatment or prevention of human obesity because their energy expenditure released after ingestion was higher, in comparison with LCT (Scalfi et al., 1991 Seaton et al., 1986 Dulloo et al., 1996). 

Reduction of energy intake appetite and satiation Reduction of energy intake intestinal absoiption Increase of energy expenditure Modulation of fat storage... 

Additional effects LDL-C reduction Increased energy expenditure Metabolic effects... 

Despite tremendous efforts, research on energy expenditure did not yet lead to successful therapies. Much attention has been devoted to the stimulation of (33 receptors. The stimulation of these adrenergic receptors should lead to an increased expression of the... 

Under normal feeding patterns the rate of tissue protein catabolism is more or less constant throughout the day it is only in cachexia that there is an increased rate of protein catabolism. There is net protein catabolism in the postabsorptive phase of the feeding cycle and net protein synthesis in the absorptive phase, when the rate of synthesis increases by about 20-25%. The increased rate of protein synthesis is, again, a response to insulin action. Protein synthesis is an energy-expensive process, accounting for up to almost 20% of energy expenditure in the fed state, when there is an ample supply of amino acids from the diet, but under 9% in the starved state. 

J (1999) Efficacy of a green tea extract rich in catechin polyphenols and caffeine in increasing 24-h energy expenditure and fat oxidation in hiunans , AmJ Clin Nutr, 70, 1040-45. 

Most CF patients have an increased caloric need due to increased energy expenditure through increased work of breathing and increased basal metabolism. Prevention of malnutrition requires early nutritional intervention. In patients with mild lung disease and well-controlled absorption, required caloric intake is approximately 100% to 120% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) for age.15 As lung disease progresses, caloric requirements increase. 

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