Psychotic disorders

1 to 4 percent of psychiatric admissions have delusional disorder. 

10 to 15 percent of medicahsurgical patients in a general hospital have delirium. 

15 percent of patients diagnosed with dementia have a treatable condition. 

Etelirium is most common in the very yovmg and the elderly. 

The term organic psychosis is used for those organic or neurologic conditions that have psychotic s5mtiptoms. 

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Tranquilizers. Fluphena2ine hydrochloride [146-56-5] triduopera2ine hydrochloride [440-17-5], and triduproma2ine [146-54-3] are all triduoromethyl substituted phenothia2ine chemicals useful in the management of psychotic disorders. 

Glassification of Substance-Related Disorders. The DSM-IV classification system (1) divides substance-related disorders into two categories (/) substance use disorders, ie, abuse and dependence and (2) substance-induced disorders, intoxication, withdrawal, delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnestic disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorder. The different classes of substances addressed herein are alcohol, amphetamines, caffeine, caimabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics, polysubstance, and others. On the basis of their significant socioeconomic impact, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and opioids have been selected for discussion herein. 

Antipsychotic medications are indicated in the treatment of acute and chronic psychotic disorders. These include schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and manic states occurring as part of a bipolar disorder or schizoaffective disorder. The co-adminstration of antipsychotic medication with antidepressants has also been shown to increase the remission rate of severe depressive episodes that are accompanied by psychotic symptoms. Antipsychotic medications are frequently used in the management of agitation associated with delirium, dementia, and toxic effects of both prescribed medications (e.g. L-dopa used in Parkinson s disease) and illicit dtugs (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines, andPCP). They are also indicated in the management of tics that result from Gilles de la Tourette s syndrome, and widely used to control the motor and behavioural manifestations of Huntington s disease. 

Haverkos HW, Pinsky PF, Drotman DP, etal Disease manifestation among homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome a possible role of nitrites in Kaposi s sarcoma. Sex Transm Dis 12 203-208, 1985 Haverkos HW, Kopstein AN, Wilson H, et al Nitrite inhalants history, epidemiology, and possible links to AIDS. Environ Health Perspect 102 858-861, 1994 Hernandez-Avila CA, Ortega-Soto HA, Jasso A, et al Treatment of inhalant-induced psychotic disorder with carbamazepine versus haloperidol. Psychiatr Serv49 812— 815, 1998... 

Grainger DL, Hamilton SH, Genduso LA, et al (1998a). Medical resource use and work and social outcomes for olanzapine compared with haloperidol in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Poster presented at the 21st Congress of the CINP, Gla ow, July 1998. 

Daumit et al. (2003) conducted a series of cross-sectional analyses of outpatient physician visits from 1992-2000 where antipsychotics were prescribed. The data was collected from the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. African Americans had half the odds of receiving an SGA and Hispanics had 40% of the odds, compared with Whites in the early 1990s. During 1998-2000, the frequency of SGA use for non-psychotic disorders in African Americans was equivalent to Whites but still 25% lower when patients were receiving treatment for a psychotic disorder. The use of SGAs in Hispanics increased and was equal to that of Whites in the late 1990s for all psychiatric diagnoses. 

These data show that for three psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar depression) the genetic contribution is over 50% but for reactive depression (in response to a traumatic life event ) and tuberculosis, an infectious disease caused by a species of Mycobacterium, environmental factors account for over 90% of the variance. 

Psychosis, or psychotic disorder A major psychiatric illness including schizophrenia... 

Schizophrenia A term applied to one or more psychotic disorders characterised by a major disruption of thought processes. 

Boutros NN and Bowers MB (1996). Chronic substance-induced psychotic disorders State of the literature. Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 8, 262-269. 

Zyprexa (Olanzapine) Bipolar disorders Gilles de la Tourette s syndrome Psychotic disorders 1.9 0.6 1996 - UK and US Once daily... 

Mood-incongruent psychosis (e.g., schizoaffective disorder, schizophrenia, schizophreniform disorder, delusional disorder, or psychotic disorder not otherwise specified). 

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