Socioeconomic Significance

Hoberg, E.P. (2002) Taenia tapeworms their biology, evolution and socioeconomic significance. Microbes and Infection 4, 859-866. 

The littoral areas of the Black and Azov Seas with their warm climate are of great socioeconomic significance for intensive development of recreation resources. The natural, ethnic, cultural, historical, and other features of the Black Sea area attract many people for rest and tourism. In the Black Sea there are no predatory and noxious sea animals and there is no tidal activity. One can admire vast expanses of sand beaches and wonderful mountain and forest coastal landscapes, and these regions are not far from European countries. 

Schuster, R.L. 1996. Socioeconomic Significance of Landshdes, Chapter 2 In Landslides—Investigation and Mitigation, Turner, A.K., and Schuster, R.L., (eds.). Transportation Research Board Special Report 247, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 12-31. 

Narasimhan R (1983) The socioeconomic significance of information technology to developing countries. Inf Soc 2(l) 65-79... 

Glassification of Substance-Related Disorders. The DSM-IV classification system (1) divides substance-related disorders into two categories (/) substance use disorders, ie, abuse and dependence and (2) substance-induced disorders, intoxication, withdrawal, delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnestic disorder, psychotic disorder, mood disorder, anxiety disorder, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disorder. The different classes of substances addressed herein are alcohol, amphetamines, caffeine, caimabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics, polysubstance, and others. On the basis of their significant socioeconomic impact, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, and opioids have been selected for discussion herein. 

As with generation rates, the chemical composition of MSW varies significantly with local socioeconomic and demographic conditions. The average chemical composition of MSW in the United States is given in Table 1 (16). 

In a case-control study of pesticide factory workers in Brazil exposed to methyl parathion and formulating solvents, the incidence of chromosomal aberrations in lymphocytes was investigated (De Cassia Stocco et al. 1982). Though dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) was coformulated with methyl parathion, blood DDT levels in the methyl parathion-examined workers and "nonexposed" workers were not significantly different. These workers were presumably exposed to methyl parathion via both inhalation and dermal routes however, a dose level was not reported. The exposed workers showed blood cholinesterase depressions between 50 and 75%. However, the baseline blood cholinesterase levels in nonexposed workers were not reported. No increases in the percentage of lymphocytes with chromosome breaks were found in 15 of these workers who were exposed to methyl parathion from 1 week to up to 7 years as compared with controls. The controls consisted of 13 men who had not been occupationally exposed to any chemical and were of comparable age and socioeconomic level. This study is limited because of concomitant exposure to formulating solvents, the recent history of exposure for the workers was not reported, the selection of the control group was not described adequately, and the sample size was limited. 

As a result of the emergence of the extremely aggressive avian H5N1 influenza virus, the likelihood of a human influenza pandemic and the possible socioeconomic impact is now of major concern. In the absence of strain-independent anti-influenza drugs, there has been significant effort worldwide over the years in the quest for the discovery of novel therapeutic agents against all types of influenza. 

Schroeder et al. (1985) and Schroeder and Hawk (1987) evaluated 104 black children of lower socioeconomic status at ages 10 months to 6.5 years, using the Bayley Mental Development Index (MDI) or Stanford-Binet IQ Scale. Hierarchical backward stepwise regression analyses indicated that PbB levels (range 6-59 pg/dL) were a significant source of the variance in IQ and MDI scores after controlling for socioeconomic status and other factors. Fifty of the children were examined again 5 years later, at which time PbB levels were 30 pg/dL. The 5-year follow-up IQ scores were inversely correlated with... 

The above study was replicated later with 75 asymptomatic black children, 3-7 years old, of uniformly low socioeconomic status (Hawk et al. 1986 Schroeder and Hawk 1987). Backward stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed a highly significant negative linear relationship between Stanford-Binet IQ scores and contemporary PbB levels over the entire range of 6-47 pg/dL (mean,... 

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