Bronchial cancer

Fibers in this category are composed of naturally occurring materials. A good example is asbestos. The most common type is chrysotile, representing more than 95% of world asbestos production. Chemically it is magnesium silicate (Mg6(OH)4 Si205). Today, use of this fiber is limited because long exposure to it may cause bronchial cancer. 

Occupational studies have demonstrated an enhanced frequency of bronchial cancer among various groups of Rn-222 progeny exposed underground miners, especially uranium miners. (Archer et al, 1976 Kunz et al 1978 Kunz et al 1975 Lundin et al, 1971 Muller et al, 1983. Sevc and Placek, 1973 Seve et al, 1976 Whittmore and Mo Millan 1983.)... 

Martell, E. A., Bronchial cancer induction by alpha radiation A new hypothesis, Paper C6-11 in Proceedings of the 7th International Congress of Radiation Research, (J. J. Broerse et al., eds), Martinus Nijhoff, Amsterdam (1983b). 

There are limited epidemiological data regarding carcinogenicity in humans following chronic inhalation exposure to kerosene. In one case-control study, there was no association between the use of kerosene stoves for cooking and bronchial cancer in nonsmoking women (Chan et al. 1979). In another case-control study, there was no association between renal cell cancer and occupational exposure to fuel oils. 

Sluis-Cremer GK, Bezuidenhout BN. 1989. Relation between asbestosis and bronchial cancer in amphibole asbestos miners. Br J Ind Med 46 537-540. 

Yazicioglu S, Ilcayto R, Balci K, et al. 1980. Pleural calcification, pleural mesotheliomas, and bronchial cancers caused by tremolite dust. Thorax 35 564-569. 

Neodymium and its compounds have a number of important uses. One is in a kind of laser known as a neodymium yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd YAG) laser. A laser is a device for producing very bright and focused light of a single color. The Nd YAG laser is used for treating bronchial cancer and certain eye disorders. The bronchi are air tubes that lead into the lungs. 

A case-referent study of exposure to radon from the ground and bronchial cancer was carried out on 292 female lung cancer cases and 584 controls who had lived in Stockholm for 30 or more years. Lung cancer cases were diagnosed as oat cell and other types of anaplastic pulmonary carcinomas and the study concluded that radon and daughters were a significant etiologic factor in the cancers noted. 

The particular types of the cancer disease induced by different asbestos species are given in Table 9.10. The table shows that besides the most frequent cancer types, such as bronchial cancer, mesotheliomas of the pleura and peritoneum, it is also possible to observe gastrointestinal tumours and tumours of the larynx, pancreas and lymphatic nodes (lymphomas). The relation between these diseases and asbestos has still not been definitely established [57]. 

Biological interest in chromium has been traditionally focused upon its toxic properties as an industrial hazard to man (LangSrd and Norseth. 1979 Norseth, 1986). It was about half a century ago that scientific and public concern arose over the dangers of increased incidence of bronchial cancer in workers in the chromate industry. Hazardous chromium exposure is also reported in metallurgical, refractory and chemical industries, which are... 

Fig. 24.8. a Hypoechoic abdominal mass in left hypochondrium in patient with abdominal pain and fever, b Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration arrow indicates needle tip). Final diagnosis jejuneal metastasis from bronchial cancer... 

Values of /i, J2, n, and t2 are to be obtained in a self-consistent manner by consideration of all values of f, including the predicted values for the survivors. For example, with a cohort of 15 patients with "untreatable bronchial cancer who received daily doses of ascorbate (4) and who had values of ti from 17 to 460 days, including one survivor with =... 

An outlier is a member of a cohort with such a large value of I that it is likely that the member belongs to a separate subcohort. Many examples could be quoted. In one cohort the survivor had t = 857 days (alive at the termination date of the study), with the other 16 members of the cohort of 17 untreatable patients with bronchial cancer having values of t from 16 days to 450 days. The value of ti for these 16 members is 152 days (5). With this value of ti, the value of Noe torU = 857 days is 5.7%, and for / = 2793 days, the probable survival time of the outlier, it is about 10 . Accordingly this cohort consists of a 16-member subcohort with Ti = 152 days and a one-member subcohort with T2 = 2793 days. 

Although chronic bronchitis is frequently found among miners, the relatively low frequency of bronchial cancer among Ruhr area coalminers makes it improbable that chronic bronchitis had a dominant effect on the development of bronchial carcinoma, and therefore bronchial carcinoma should not be regarded as an occupational disease among anthra-cosilicosis patients (Schimanski and Rosmanith 1974). 

Vinblastine is used in treatment of Hodgkin s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, breast cancer, uterine and cervical cancer, small cell bronchial cancer. 

In the USA, SIRT was approved for the treatment of unresectable primary hepatic malignancies and metastases from colorectal cancer together with intrahepatic artery chemotherapy (IHAC) using floxuridine (FUDR). Nevertheless, worldwide SIRT may be used in patients with hepatic malignancies originating from various primaries, such as neuroendocrine tumors, breast, colorectal, and bronchial cancer, where the disease appears to be limited to the liver and other treatment options are no longer available. 

A study published quite some time ago reviewed the soil-cancer relationship for gastric, esophageal, urinary, breast, bone, and bronchial cancers as well as pleural mesothelioma. In addition to general factors, the study considered trace elements including selenium, cesium, and rubidium potassium and natural radioactivity. Although some correlations between soil constituents and cancer have been observed, the cause and effect relationship between soil characteristics and occurrence of cancer could not be proved definitively. 

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