Bromelains

Bromelains.—Bromelains (stem and juice) have been purified by a process that involved blocking the sulphydryl groups with phenylmercury(ii) acetate.  

Carboxypeptidases.—A study of the biosynthesis of yeast carboxypeptidase Y (a mannoprotein) has revealed that a membrane fraction contains a precursor of the enzyme, which, although it has a higher molecular weight than the enzyme, is not a complex of the enzyme and its specific inhibitor.  

Nakamura and K. Horikoshi, Agric. and Biol. Chem. (Japan), 1976, 40, 1647. 

Savolainen, and A. Konttinen, Clinica Chim. Acta, 1975, 60, 219. 

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Another subclass of proteases attacks internal peptide bonds and Hberates large peptide fragments. Bromelain, a plant protease derived from the stem of the pineapple plant, can even produce detectable semm proteolysis after oral adrninistration (180). Oral therapy with bromelain significantly reduces bmising that stems from obstetrical manipulations (181). Bromelain—pancreatin combinations have been more effective in digestive insufficiency compared to either pancreatin or placebo (182,183). Bromelain may also enhance the activity of antibiotics, especially tetracycline, when adrninistered concurrently (184). 

Bromelain (anti-inflammatory Ananase from pineapple) [37189-34-7] Mr 33 000, [EC 3.4.33.4]. This protease has been purified via the acetone powder, G-75 Sephadex gel filtration and Bio-Rex 70 ion-exchange chromatography and has Aj 20.1 at 280nm. The protease from pineapple hydrolyses benzoyl glycine ethyl ester with a Km (app) of 210mM and kcat of 0.36 sec. [Murachi Methods Enzymol 19 273 1970 Balls et al. nd Eng Chem 33 950 1941.]... 

According to U.S. Patent 3,002,891, the following describes pilot plant production of bromelain. Stripped pineapple stumps were passed four times through a three roll sugar mill press. 

Alprenolol HCl Bromelain Ciprofibrate Clortermine HCl Desonide Fenofibrate Flucloronide Flunisolide Fluocinonide Flurandrenolide Glucagon Gramicidin Hetacillin potassium I proniazid Kebuzone Methyltestosterone Niaprazine Probucol Relaxin Somatotropin Triamcinolone acetonide Acetonitrile... 

Exsel -Selenium sulfide Extencilline - Penicillin G benzathine Extendryl - Phenylephrine HCI Extracort - Triamcinolone acetonide Extramycin -Sisomicin Extranase - Bromelain Extren - Aspirin... 

D Bromelain 200 (Ursapharm) Enzym-Wied (Wiedemann)-comb. 

Complementary and alternative medicine therapies, such as acupuncture, biofeedback, chiropractic manipulation, dietary supplements, herbal therapy, and homeopathic preparations, are used by individuals with allergic rhinitis.29,30 Use of bromelain, gingko, ginseng, licorice, quercetin, and Urtica dioica has been reported, but large-scale studies documenting efficacy are lacking.31,32 Caregivers should inquire routinely about patients use of alternative therapies and counsel patients about the lack of validated data to support such practices.12... 

Pancreatin is a pancreatic extract usually obtained from the pancrease of slaughterhouse animals. It contains a mixture of enzymes, principally amylase, protease and lipase, and, thus, exhibits a broad digestive capability. It is administered orally mainly for the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency caused by cystic fibrosis or pancreatitis. As it is sensitive to stomach acid, it must be administered in high doses or, more usually, as enteric-coated granules or capsules that may be taken directly or sprinkled upon the food prior to its ingestion. Individual digestive activities, such as papain, pepsin or bromelains (proteases), or a-amylase are sometimes used in place of pancreatin. 

The protein obtained from the use of bromelain in the enzymatic corn wet milling process is different from that of the conventional corn wet milling process. Bromelain has a very wide spectrum of protease activities. Bromelain not only degrades the glutelin matrix that surrounds starch... 

FIG. 4 SDS gel electrophoresis of insoluble gluten samples from laboratory corn wet milling. Lane 1 Molecular mass standards (250, 150, 100, 75, 50, 37, 25, 15, and lOkDa). Lane 2 Enzymatic milling with commercial protease with added S02 and lactic acid. Lane 3 Enzymatic milling with commercial protease and no added S02. Lane 4 Conventional laboratory milling. Lane 5 Enzymatic milling using Bromelain and no added S02. 

Plant Proteases. These include the well known proteases papain, bromelain and ficin. Most plant enzymes are available as comparatively unpurified powder extracts, although papain is notable for being available in a stabilized and purified liquid form. Prospects for increased supply of plant enzymes, in response to greater use in traditional applications or for new processes, depend on several factors. Tlie influence of cultivation conditions, growth cycle and climate requirements make new supplies long term projects. 

The greatest variety of industrial enzymes are presently derived from microbial sources, with a lesser diversity coming from plant and animal sources 34), Enzymes derived from plant sources and which are used extensively in the food industry include papain, bromelain, ficin, and amylases. Animal enzymes of economic importance include trypsins, lipases, and gastric proteases. 

At one time, broad spectrum proteolytic enzymes (mainly papain and bromelain) were widely used to delay or minimize haze formation in beer (de Clerck, 1969). The enzymes cleaved protein chains, that when... 

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