Bromelain absorption

It is probable that proteases such as trypsin and bromelain, which are somewhat stable to self-proteolysis, would be absorbed to a greater extent than otho1 proteins of comparable size. Coadimiustraiion of soybean trypsin inhibitors or pancreatic duct ligation increases the absorption of intact protein [39]. 

J. Y. Ca teH. Intestinal nbsoiption of undegraded bromelain in humans. In Absorption of Orally Administered Enzymes (M. L. G. Gudncr and K.-J. Steffens, eds ). Springer,... 

One of the most important questions to be answered is whether it is possible Id absorb intact bromelain in the gusirointcsiinui tract fouuwing uni iduiiiiinrii-tion. Smyth et aL reported the absorption of dye-labeled bromelain [79] and I131-Iabeled bromelain [80]. Izaka et al. [81] used I12 -labeled bromelain to... 

The absorption of orally administered bromelain in humans was proven by means of measurement of proteolytic activities using the fluorogenic substrate Z-Arg-coumarin ana by immunopreciphaiion followed by electrophoresis and immunodetection. The results showed that orally administered bromelain is found In plasma of human volunteers at low, but clearly measurable, concentrations as a full-size proteolytically active protein. Die bromelain circulating in plasma appears to be partially bound to certain plasma proteins, two of which were identified as oc-macroglobulin and ai-antitrypsin [86],... 

Bypassing intestinal transmembrane transporters mainly by a paracellular absorption would avoid or limit exposure of the substrate to these efflux pumps. Improved paracellular uptake can be achieved by using fatty acids, calcium chelators such as EDTA, papain, bromelain, surfactants, chitosans, polyacrylic acid or thiolated polymers. 

Mohri, M. and Matsushita, S. 1984. Improvement of water absorption of soybean protein by treatment with bromelain. J. Agric. Food Chem. 32, 486-490. 

White et al. [85] also administered I125-labeled bromelain orally to rats. At various times blood was drawn and the total radioactivity, the trichloroacetic acid precipitable I125 compounds, and the molecular weight profiles of the labeled proteins were determined. They found a maximum absorption in the blood, corresponding to 270 ng/mL bromelain, one hour after bromelain administration. Approximately 40% of the radioactivity in plasma could be precipitated by 10% trichloroacetic acid. Electrophoretic analysis showed one major peak of radioactivity in plasma, with a molecular weight of 26,000-30,000 daltons. This maximum peak contained 0.003% of the administered dose of bromelain per mL plasma. 

K. Izaka, M. Yamada, T. Kawano, and T. Suyama. Gastrointestinal absorption and anti-inflammatory effect of bromelain. Jap. J. Pharmacol. 22 519 (1972). 

Bromelain Pineapple Pharmaceutical anti-inllammatoiy bum debridement enhancement of dmg absorption... 

Bromelain has shown a wide variety of pharmacological effects in cliiucal, in vitro and in vivo studies. These effects include bum debridement, anti-inflammatory activity, prevention of epinephrine-induced pulmonary edema, smooth muscle relaxation, stimulation of muscle contractions, enhanced antibiotic absorption, immunomodulation, cancer prevention and remission, antitumor activity, ulcer prevention, sinusitis relief, appetite inhibition, shortening of labor, and enhanced excretion of fat. The precise nature of these effects (some of which are not produced by other proteases such as ficin, papain, and trypsin) is not clear. 

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