Pilot plant production

Difficulties with the Na—S system arise ia part from the ceramic nature of the alumiaa separator the specific P-alumiaa is expeasive to prepare and the material is brittie and quite fragile. Separator failure is the leading cause of early cell failure. Cell failure may also be related to performance problems caused by polarization at the sodium/soHd electrolyte iaterface. Lastiy, seal leakage can be a determiaant of cycle life. In spite of these problems, however, the safety and rehabiUty of the Na—S system has progressed to the poiat where pilot plant production of these batteries is anticipated for EV and aerospace apphcations. 

During the next few years PVC was steadily developed in the United States and in Germany. Both countries were producing the material commercially before World War II. In Great Britain, ICI in 1942 and the Distillers Company in 1943 also commenced pilot-plant production of PVC, a material then in demand as a rubber substitute for cable insulation. Paste-forming grades suitable for the production of leathercloth also became available soon afterwards. 

According to U.S. Patent 3,002,891, the following describes pilot plant production of bromelain. Stripped pineapple stumps were passed four times through a three roll sugar mill press. 

The PEM is relatively expensive at this point in time. We paid about 100 for a 30.5 centimeter by 30.5 centimeter (12 inch by 12 inch) piece of Nafion 117 from a chemical supply house. Some manufacturers want your first born child in exchange for a sample. However, du Pont really is in the PEM business, and they will sell it to you with no strings attached from their pilot plant production. The price comes down to about 65 for the same size piece when you buy four times as much PEM direct from du Pont. The piece we bought was large enough to make about six of our round fuel cells ( 10— 16/ce 11). 

When this pilot plant product goes into limited commercial use, the entomologists and chemists concerned should follow the results closely, to be sure that the product is up to standard in all respects under different environmental conditions. Its stability under different storage conditions should be studied. Compatibility under conditions of use with other products with which it may be used is important. Everything possible should be done to assure its success at this point and to be sure that it merits large scale production. 

Compound Feed Product specification Sorbex pilot plant product... 

An interesting variety of the organization scheme is the combination of the positions of head of business development and R D in one and the same person. It eliminates the above mentioned friction. This structure is particularly suitable for small to midsize fine-chemical companies, where the total number of researches and business development managers does not exceed 10. The ideal candidate for this position is a scientist with several years of experience in industrial R D and pilot plant production, plus a commercial flair. 

Pilot plant production of polyethylene was started in England in 1939, but it was not until 1942 that commercial production began in the United States. Production has been climbing steadily since that time. In 1950 it was estimated at 50,000,000 to 60,000,000 pounds, less than 4% of the commercial production of ethylene. Increased facilities are becoming available for processing polyethylene and new uses continue to be developed with additional expansion in production presently under way. 

Data on a typical pilot plant product are as follows ... 

Pilot Plant Production of Triaimnotrinitro-benzene (TATB) , LA-3632, Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM (1967) 16) Not used 17) J.M. Rosen C. Dickinson, Vapor Pressures and Heats Sublimation of Some High Melting Organic Explosives ,... 

Description of the logic behind all pertinent activities that occurred during scale-up, from pilot plant production to phase 3 clinical production. Discuss problems, failures, and so on. Justify the absence of equivalency concerns despite differences in process parameters, equipment, facilities, and systems. Description of the logic behind all pertinent activities that occurred during technology transfer from phase 3 clinical... 

A pilot plant production example that uses a rhodium catalyst of Walphos is shown in Scheme 12.56 to produce 141 in 95% ee at <900 psig H2 and <80°C (Sub/cat = 5700).175176 Compound 141 has been converted to Synthon A alcohol (142, 200-kg scale), which is an intermediate to SPP100 (143), a renin inhibitor from Speedel Pharma AG.175... 

One of the most difficult tasks was to create the operating structure to enable the organization to work as seamlessly as possible. In my time leading the organization, the Process Research and the Biotransformations functions in Figure 4 were in laboratories adjacent to those of the Discovery Research scientists laboratories. Research s laboratories were nearly three miles away from the pilot plant/production site where all other functions, except the Swiss operation, were situated. The Swiss operation based near Luzern overcame their distance away from the core site by virtue of frequent interactions through their key personnel, all outstanding people (see Chapter 2). 

Pilot plant production of PVC resins began in Germany in 1931 followed by the USA in 1933. The beginning of PVC as a technically useful product stemmed from the patent disclosures of Semon of the BF Goodrich Company and Reid of Carbide and Carbon Chemicals in 1933/34. It was discovered that PVC became a flexible material that resembled rubber or leather when it was heated in the presence of a high boiling liquid. This led to the use of phthalate esters as plasticisers for PVC giving a material that was processable at acceptable melt temperatures into products which were permanently soft and flexible. 

The pilot-plant production of some analgesics like fenoprofen (Scheme 4) and ibu-profen was accomplished in this type of cell [82], The process has been reviewed [83] by one of the inventors, J. Chaussard. Some electrolysis parameters [81,83] are ... 

With its new proprietary process, Wacker Silicones is now positioned to produce monofimctional silicone fluids from D3. Pilot plant product samples of different molecular weights and functionalities are available for customers on request (Fig. 1). 

Some companies do not publish any standard data sheets or bulletins but prefer instead to furnish the appropriate information by letter. This is especially true with regard to experimental samples or products. Some firms claim that their lines change so rapidly that any standardized information would become obsolete soon after distribution. Still other companies send out samples and literature without any hint to the customer that the sample represents only pilot plant production. Furthermore, frequently these same materials are removed precipitously from the market at a later time without any announcement to the numerous people who have the literature in their files or who have actual samples of the material. The author has found literature in active files concerning products which had been removed from sale several years previously. 

Hence, it is not surprising that this type of carbonylation reaction has found application in industry. The pilot plant production of Lazabemide, a monoamine oxidase B inhibitor, by Hofmann-La Roche started from simple 2,5-dichloropyridine. The original eight-step laboratory synthesis of Lazabemide was replaced by a one-step protocol (eq. (11)) [56]. The product is isolated in 65 % yield. As only small amounts of catalyst have to be used (TON = 30(X)), traces of palladium in the product could be removed by appropriate work-up. 

Status Refers to the status of the manufacturing process and includes terms like pilot, plant, production, or patent. 

After Ed s move to Einstein in 1956, a joint U.S. patent in the public interests was filed (together with H. M. Tsuchiya and N. N. Heilman) on the practical production of the Streptococcus DS-50 dextran. Pilot plant production was undertaken at NRRL clean-up and bottling were carried out as a service by the Cutter Corp. and a successful clinical trial of the dextran for treatment of patients in shock was conducted by Dr. W. Metcalf of Einstein s Department of Surgery. Ed presented a final report to the National Research Council in 1962. In the end, despite the discovery of a simpler way to manufacture a product of great potential military usefulness, dextran in general would be replaced by blood and plasma as agents of plasma volume expansion in shock patients. 

Development work in the pilot-plant production of the vinyl ether intermediate was performed on a Mettler Toledo ReactlR MP m. This instrument was the hrst generation of explosion-proof manufacturing technology available from Mettler Toledo. Setup requirements for the incorporation of the ReactlR monitoring system into the vinyl ether process in the pilot plant were minor. Installation of a fiber optics cable and protective conduit from the pilot-plant operations area to the control room, allowing communication between the acquisition computer (contained within the ReactlR MP ) and the monitoring station, was the most extensive mechanical modification. ... 

The sulfur coatings on a typical pilot-plant product are two-phase composites containing as much as 5% polymeric sulfur. On the basis of the data of Ludwig and Dale, such a coating has about 60% of the maximum tensile strength of a sulfur composite with 7% polymeric sulfur. The polymeric sulfur in the TVA coatings results from sulfur chains that are formed by reactions between the sulfur and impurities in the technical grade sulfur melt. 

The second method (equation 15) uses methylphosphonic dichloride, an alcohol and an inorganic fluoride (sodium, potassium, ammonium, antimony, etc). Fluorination at phosphorus takes place in situ. This procedure was originally employed by Schrader to prepare sarin using sodium fluoride as the fluorinating agent. Later, the method was adopted for pilot-plant production of sarin in Germany towards the end of WWII. In practice, it is... 

Refs 1) R.W. Scharf, Develop Cast TNT Demolition Block , PATR 1286 (1943) (Limited distrib) 2) L.H. Eriksen, Properties of 70/30 Cyclotol , PATR 1476 (1944) (Limited distrib) 3) A.J. Qear, Cause and Prevention of Frothing of Molten TNT , PATR 1553 (1945) (Limited distrib) 4) R.B. Herring et d, The Grist-Viscosity Relationship in RDX— TNT Mixtures , HDC-20-T 1 Ser-B, Holston Defense Corp, Kingsport, Term (1949) (Limited distrib) 5) R.B. Herring B.L. Beard, The Pilot Plant Production of Low-Apparent Viscosity 75/25 Cyclotol , HDC-20-T-7-Ser-B, Ibid (1950) (Limited distrib) 6) R.B. Herring et al, The Apparent Viscosity of RDX—TNT Mixtures, its Determination and Control , HDC-20-T-9-Ser-A, Ibid (1951) (Limited distrib)... 

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