Structure stem bromelain

G, Kamphuis, J. Drentii, and E. N. Baker. Thiol protease. Comparative studies based on the high-resolution structures of papain and actinidin, and an amino acid sequence information far cathenaim B and R and stem bromelain. J. MoL BioL /62 317 (19B5). 

The structure of stem bromelain oligosaccharides shows interesting features ... 

K. Hatanc, M. Kqjima, M. Tanokura, and K, Takahaihi. Solution structure of bromelain inhibitor VI from pineapple stem structural similarity with Bawmnn-Birk hyprin/chymotrypsin inhibitor from soybean. Biochemistry J5 5379 (1996). 

C. W. Wharton, The structure and mechanism of stem bromelain. Evaluation of the... 

Y. Yasuda, N. Takahashi, and T. MundiL Hie composition and structure of casho-hydrate moiety of stem bromelain. Biochemistry 9 25 (1970). 

M. Fuknda,T. Kondo. andT.Gsawa. Studies on (he hydrazinolyus of glycoproteins. Core structures of oligosaccharides obtained from porciire thyroglobulin and pine apple stem bromelain. /. Biochem. 8ft 1223 (1976). 

K. Broctdehurst, . M. Crook, and M. KJentan. The mutability of stem bromelain evidence for perturbation by structural transitions of (he parameters that characterize the reaction of the essential thiol group of bromelain with 2,2 -dipyridyl disulphide. J. Biochem. 128379 (1972). 

Proposed structure of the carbohydrate moiety of stem bromelain (80)... 

Murachi, T., Takahashi, N., Structure and Function of Stem Bromelain in Structure-Function Relationship of Proteolytic Enzymes, P. Des-nuelle, H. Neurath, and M. Ottesen, Eds., p. 298, Academic, New York, 1970. 

Figure 2 Structures of sugar chains 1 and 2 from stem bromelain. (From Ref. 42.)...

C. W. Wharton. The structure and mechanism of stem bromelain. Evaluation of the homogeneity of purified stem bromelain, determination of the molecular weight and kinetic analysis of the bromelain-catalysed hydrolysis of N-benzyloxycarbonyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-serine methyl ester. Biochem. J. 143 515 (1974). 

K. Goto, T. Murachi, and N. Takahashi. Structural studies on stem bromelain isolation, characterization and alignment of the cyanogen bromide fragments. FEBS Lett. 62 93 (1976). 

H. Ishihara, N. Takahashi, S. Oguri, and S. Tejima. Complete structure of the carbohydrate moiety of stem bromelain. An application of the almond glycopeptidase for structural studies of glycopeptides. J. Biol. Chem. 254 10715 (1979). 

Stem Bromelain," in Proteins, Structure and Function, vol. 2, M. Funatsu el al, Eds. (Kodansha, Tokyo, Wiley, New Yqtlt, 1972) pp 47-101. 

Hydrazinolysis has been used to destroy the peptide moieties in glycoproteins, allowing the isolation of almost intact carbohydrate chains. The method has been applied to pineapple stem bromelain, for which the structure of a glyco-peptide (3) was assigned as a result of methylation analysis. 

Bromelain (EC 3.4.22.4) a thiol enzyme from the stems and fruit of the pineapple plant. The stem enzyme is a basic glycoprotein (M, 33,000, pi 9.55) structurally and catalytically similar to papain. B. is activated by mercaptoethanol and other SH compounds, and it is irreversibly inhibited by reagents that block SH groups. It is an endopeptidase, and it is used in protein chemistry to hydrolyse polypeptide chains into large fragments. 

HA is a trimer. The monomers are not covalently linked and have a length of about 560 amino acids. At the C-terminus, a short cytoplasmic tail of 10 amino acids is followed by a stretch of about 27 hydrophobic residues that anchors HA in the membrane. The ectodomain of the HA of strain A/Aichi/68 can be released by bromelain treatment of the virus and was used to determine the three-dimensional structure by X-ray crystallography to 3 A resolution (Wilson et al., 1981). These studies indicated that the influenza HA extends 135 A from the viral lipid bilayer and consists of two major elements. The membrane proximal portion has been described as an elongated stem comprising the HA2 and part of the HAj subunit. On top of this stem, there is a globular domain... 

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