Broccoli

Broccoli is grown aroimd the UK from the East of Scotland to the SW of England and can be grown on a wide range of soil types and grows well on moisture 

Broccoli does not root deeply. A firm soil with a good tilth is required. Compacted soils may require sub-soiling before ploughing and harrowing/discing. Broccoli can be grown in beds or on the flat with tramlines. 

Where club root is a problem, particularly on acid soils, brassicas should be grown no more than one year in four or five with a planned liming policy before planting. It is possible to grow brassicas continuously on a high pH soil. 

Cabbage root fly can be a problem and treatments will be required from April onwards. Aphids, caterpillars, cutworms, pollen beetle, cabbage stem weevil and slugs all attack broccoli. Damping off and wirestem can be a problem at the seedling stage. Club root, downy mildew, dark leaf spot, ring spot, white bhster and spear rot can all be a problem in the field. 

Established perermial weeds shottld be controlled prior to transplanting or drilhng. Oilseed rape volrmteers and potato groimdkeepers can cause a problem in some crops. 

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Sprossen-bier, n. spruce beer, -extrakt, m. essence of spruce, -flchte, /. spruce fir, (true) spruce, -kohl, m. broccoli (Briisseler) Brussels sprouts, -tanne, /. hemlock spruce. Sprosskelmung, /. sprouting, budding. Sprdsshng, m. = Spross. 

Ca2+ 1160 g 0.8 g Bone and tooth formation Milk, cheese, broccoli, canned salmon (with bones)... 

In the turnip, the concentration was 63 p.p.m. Toxic action against various insects was established. Two cabbage varieties, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, mustard, and kohlrabi also contain 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate as evidenced by gas liquid chromatography and bioassay. Only root tissues had insecticidal activity. 

Xanthan gum is a slimy gel produced by the bacterium Xan-thomonas campestris, which causes black rot on cruciferous vegetables, such as cauliflower and broccoli. The slime protects the bacterium from viruses and prevents it from drying out. 

Salicylic acid is common in foods such as broccoli, peppers, curry, cucumbers, and raisins, among many others. 

Biocatalytic access to both antipodal sulfoxides was exploited in total syntheses of bioactive compounds, which is outlined in some representative examples. Biooxidation of functionalized dialkyl sulfides was utilized in the direct synthesis of both enantiomers of sulforaphane and some analogs in low to good yields and stereoselectivities (Scheme 9.27) [206]. This natural product originates from broccoli and represents a potent inducer of detoxification enzymes in mammalian metabolism it might be related to anticarcinogenic properties of plants from the cruciform family. All four possible stereoisomers of methionine (R = Me) and ethionine sulfoxides... 

Brussels sprouts/broccoli/ cabbage/mustard/garden cress/ cauliflower... 

Brussels sprouts/broccoli Brussels sprouts/red cabbage Brussels sprouts/cabbage/ mustard/garden cress/cauliflower... 

RODRIGUES A s and rosa e a s (1999) Effect of post-harvest treatments on the level of glucosinolates in broccoli , J Sci Food Agric, 79 1028-32. 

HANSEN M and moller p (1995) Glucosinolates in broccoli stored under controlled-atmosphere ,/d er ca Soc Horticultural Sci, 120 1069-74. 

LUDiKHUYZE L, ooMS v, WEEMAES 0 and HENDRicKSE M (1999) Kuietic study of the irreversible thermal and pressure inactivation of myrosinase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. cv. italica) , J Agric Food Chem, 47 1794-800. 

LUDIKHUYZE L, RODRIGO L and HENDRICKSE M (2000) The activity of myrosinase from broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.cv. Italica) influence of intrinsic and extrinsic factors J Food Protect, 63 400-403. 

SHAPIRO T A, FAHEY J w, WADE K L, STEPHENSON K K and TALALAY p (2001) Chemoprotective glucosinolates and isothiocyanates of broccoli sprouts metabolism and excretion in humans . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 10 501-8. 

YE L, DINKOVA-KOSTOVA A T, WADE K L, ZHANG Y, SHAPIRO T A and TALALAY P (2002) Quantitative determination of dithiocarbamates in human plasma, serum, erythrocytes and urine pharmacokinetics of broccoli sprout isothiocyanates in humans , Clin ChimActa, 316 43-53. 

HANSEN M, LAUSTEN A M, OLSEN c E, POLL L and SORENSEN H (1997) Chemical and sensory quahty of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica) , J Food Qual, 20 441-59. 

LIN H J, PROBST-HENSCH N M, LOUIE A D, KAU I H, WITTE J S, INGLES S A, FRANKL H D, LEE E R and HAILE R w (1998) Glutathione transferase null genotype, broccoli and lower prevalence of colorectal adenomas . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 7 647-52. 

KALL M A, VANG o and CLAUSEN J (1996) Effects of dietary broccoli on human in vivo drug metabolising enzymes Evaluation of caffeine, oestrone and chloroxazone metabolism. Carcinogenesis 17 793-9. 

PRICE K R, CASUSCELLi F, coLQUHOUN IJ and RHODES M J c (1998) Composition and content of flavonol glycosides in broccoli florets (Brassica olearacea) and their fate during cooking , J Sci Food Agric, 11 (4) 468-72. 

Natural products have been noted for their potential health benefits from time immemorial and are the basis of Ayurveda, an ancient Indian medical practice (Bushkin and Bushkin, 2002). However, the potential benefits of several natural products reside in one or two active ingredients. For example green tea stands for polyphenols, soy for soy estrogens, broccoli for isothiocyanates and grape seed for polyphenols. The beauty of rice bran is that there are more than 100 antioxidants, several categories of bioactive phytonutrients, such as IP6, polyphenols, phytosterols, tocotrienols, y-oryzanol, B vitamins, minerals and trace minerals in addition to fat, protein, fiber, polysaccharides and other nutrients. These phytonutrients and antioxidants of rice bran are believed to act at the cellular level, and their synergestic function is responsible for the positive health benefits. 

Tomato, watermelon, pink grapefruit, papaya, guava, rose hip Carrot, apricot, mango, red pepper, kale, spinach, broccoli Carrot, collard green, pumpkin, corn, yellow pepper, cloudberry Kale, spinach, broccoli, pea, Brussels sprout, collard green, lettuce, corn, egg yolk... 

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