Bovine herpesvirus

Oliveira, S.C., Harms, J.S., Rosinha, G.M., Rodarte, R.S., Rech, E.L. and Splitter, G.A. (2000) Biolistic-mediated gene transfer using the bovine herpesvirus-1 glycoprotein D is an effective delivery system to induce neutralizing antibodies in its natural host. J. Immunol. Methods, 245, 109-118. 

Bovine-herpesvirus I (BHV-1) 1996 B Antigen Factor 1,000,000 Antibody Factor 10,000 (IPCR detection at 19 days following infection) Mweene et al. [28, 98]... 

Mweene AS, Ito T, Okazaki K, Ono E, Shimizu Y, Kida H. Development of immuno-PCR for diagnosis of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection. J Clin Microbiol 1996 ... 

Mweene AS, Okazaki K, Kida H. Detection of viral genome in non-neural tissues of cattle experimentally infected with bovine herpesvirus 1. Jpn J Vet Res 1996 44 (3) 165-174. 

Since the possibility was recognised that bovine serum may be contaminated with several viruses (e.g. bovine herpesvirus and parainfluenza 3-virus) sera are now routinely tested by the manufacturer. The effectiveness of this screening has, however, been questioned (Kniazeff, 1973), and the use of serum-free media ( 5.8) is recommended as the only secure method of eliminating serum-borne viral contamination cytopathic effect. The problem is more serious, however, if no cytopathic effect is seen but the virus continues to replicate at a slow rate or in a few cells only. Thus primary cells from children with Burkitt s lymphoma show no signs of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) until several passages when a few cells show positive immunofluorescence (Henle and Henle, 1966). 

Loehr, B. I., Rankin, R., Pontarollo, R., King, T., Willson, R, Babiuk, L. A., and van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S. (2001), Suppository-mediated DNA immunization induces mucosal immunity against bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle, Virology, 289, 327-333. 

LAT interferes with apoptosis in transiently transfected cells and in TG of infected rabbits or mice (Jones, 2003). Inhibiting apoptosis may be the most important function of LAT because two anti-apoptosis genes, the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) LAT homologue (Mott et al., 2003 Pemg et al., 2002) and the baculovirus lAP gene (Jin et al., 2005), can restore levels of spontaneous reactivation to a LAT null mutant. 

Mott K, Osorio N, Jin L, Brick D, Naito J, Cooper J, Herrdersorr G, hrman M, Jones C, Wechsler SL, arrd Penrg G-C (2003) The bovine herpesvirus 1 LR ORF2 is crucial for this gene s ability to restore die high reacdvadon phenotype to a Herpes simplex vims-1 LAT null mutant. J Gen Virol 84 2975—2985. 

Jones C (2003) Herpes simplex virus type 1 and bovine herpesvirus 1 latency. Clin Microbiol Rev 16 79-95. 

Mittal, S.K. Papp, Z. Tikoo, S.K. Baca-Estrada, M. Yoo, D. Benko, M. Babiuk, L.A. Induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses in cotton rats immunized with human adenovirus type 5 recombinants expressing the full and secretory forms of bovine herpesvirus type 1 glycoprotein gD. Virology 1996, 222, 299-309. 

Kowalski, J. Gilbert, S.A. van Drunen-Littel-van den Hurk, S. van den Hurk, J. Babiuk, L.A. Zamb, T.J. Heat-shock promoter-driven synthesis of secreted bovine herpesvirus glycoproteins in transfected cells. Vaccine 1993, II, 1100-1107. 

Hill AB, Barnett BC, McMichael AJ, McGeoch DJ (1994) HLA class I molecules are not transported to the cell surface in cells infected with herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. J Immunol 152 2736-2741 Hill A, Jugovic P, York I, Russ G, Bennink J, Yewdell J, Ploegh H, Johnson D (1995) Herpes simplex virus turns off the TAP to evade host immunity. Nature 375 411-415 Hinkley S, Hill AB, Srikumaran S (1998) Bovine herpesvirus-1 infection affects the peptide transport activity in bovine cells. Virus Res 53 91-96... 

Higgins CF (1992) ABC transporters from microorganisms to man. Annu Rev Cell Biol 8 67-113 Hinkley S, Hill AB, Srikumaran S (1998) Bovine herpesvirus-1 infection affects the peptide transport activity in bovine cells. Virus Res 53 91-96... 

Gel and microparticle formulations were prepared to deliver bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1), which is one of the most prevalent pathogenic agents in the world causing serious infectious diseases most commonly, conjunctivitis, genital infections, and respiratory diseases including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle (Giinbeyaz et al. 2009a,b). These formulations were shown to... 

Gogev, S., K. de Fays, M. F. Versali, S. Gautier, and E. Thiry. 2004. Glycol chitosan improves the efficacy of intranasally administrated rephcation defective human adenovirus type 5 expressing glycoprotein D of bovine herpesvirus 1. Vaccine 22 (15-16) 1946-1953. 

Gunbeyaz, M., Q. H. Area, A. Ozkul, and S. enel. 2009a. Chitosan based formulations for mucosal vaccination against Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 (BoHV-1). In 36th Annual Meeting and Exposition of the Controlled Release Society. July 18-23, 2009, Copenhagen, Denmark. 

Fig. 7 Partial suppression of transactivation of the IE 4.2Z2.9 bovine herpesvirus 1 (MHV-1) promoter by the viral ring finger protein BICPO in Xenopus oocytes by thionein as monitored by CAT activity expression assay. Three groups of 30 oocytes each were injected into the cytosol with either 0.5//g thionein lane 2) or 0.5 yug Zn7-thionein (lane 3) or a buffer blank (lane I) prior to coinjection of 50 ng each of pCE26X (effector plasmid) and pCE29CAT (reporter plasmid). (Adapted from Fig. 4 of Fraefel et al. 1994)...

Fraefel C, Zeng J, Choffat Y, Engels M, Schwyzer M, Ackerman M (1994) Identification and zinc dependence of the bovine herpesvirus 1 transactivator protein BICPO. J Virol 68 3154-3162... 

Akula, S.M., Hurley, D.J., Wixon, R.L., Wang, C. Chase, C.C.L. (2002). Effect of genistein on rephcation of bovine herpesvirus type 1. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 63, 1124-1128. 

Evers DL, Chao CE, Wemg X et eil (2005) Human cytomegalovirus-inhibitory flavonoids studies on antivirtil activity and mechanism of action. Antiviial Res 68 124-134 Felipe AM, Rincao VP, Benati FJ et al (2006) Antiviral effect of Guazuma ulmifolia and Stryphnodendron adstringens on poliovirus and bovine herpesvirus. Biol Pharm Bull 29 1092-1095... 

Giinbeyaz M, Faraji A, Ozkul A, Purali N, enel S (2010) Chitosan based delivery systems for mucosal immunization against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1). Eur J Pharm Sci 41(3 ) 531-545... 

---