Antibodies neutralizing

These neutralizing antibodies may arise because of a prior streptococcal infection, or prior streptokinase treatment (80—82). Titers of antibodies sufficient to neutralize a complete dose of 1.5 million units of streptokinase may be present even one year after enzyme treatment (83). 

VEGF inhibitors Humanized neutralizing antibodies, antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, aptamers... 

In addition to inhibiting cytokine synthesis by glucocorticoids, cytokine effects can be prevented by scavenging the cytokine either with neutralizing antibodies or soluble receptors or by blocking the respective cytokine plasma membrane receptors with blocking antibodies or receptor antagonists. 

Neutralizing Antibodies Antibodies to beta interferons can form over time and reduce the clinical effect of beta interferons.40 The clinical effect of neutralizing antibodies is seen 18 to... 

Many issues surrounding neutralizing antibodies remain such as standardization of the neutralizing antibody assay, testing recommendations, and treatment recommendations for positive tests 41 Neutralizing antibodies may disappear even with continued treatment. Neutralizing antibodies exhibit cross-reactivity with the other beta interferons.41... 

Choosing Therapy There is no consensus on the best medication for initial therapy. Comparative beta interferon trials indicate better efficacy with more frequent and/or higher dosing.37 This consideration must be balanced with neutralizing antibody development and patient acceptance and tolerance. 

Adverse-effect profile and other concerns (e.g., neutralizing antibodies and concomitant depression)... 

Hartung HP, Munschauer F, Schellekens H. Significance of neutralizing antibodies to interferon beta during treatment of multiple sclerosis expert opinions based on the Proceedings of an International Consensus Conference. Eur J Neurol 2005 12 588-601. 

Mecasermin rinfibate (Iplex and Increlex ) is the only recombinant once-daily IGF-I replacement therapy for the treatment of growth failure in children with severe primary IGF-I deficiency or with GH gene deletions who have developed neutralizing antibodies to GH. This product has not been evaluated in patients with GH deficiency aside from the genetic abnormalities. 

Neutralizing antibodies Antibodies that develop in response to a therapeutic agent that decrease the efficacy of the agent. 

Different approaches have been used to probe the role of chemokines and their receptors in experimental models of arthritis for instance, peptide antagonists or immunization of the host to promote the generation of endogenous neutralizing Abs via the use of chemokine plasmid DNA vaccination (Table 4 and Ref. 50), injection of neutralizing antibodies (Table 5), or mice that lack specific chemokine or chemokine receptors (Table 6). 

Zhang PF, Bouma P, Park EJ, et al. A variable region 3 (V3) mutation determines a global neutralization phenotype and CD4-independent infectivity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope associated with a broadly cross-reactive, primary virus-neutralizing antibody response. J Virol 2002 76(2) 644-655. 

Pantarotto, D. et al. (2003) Immunization with peptide-functionalized carbon nanotubes enhances virus-specific neutralizing antibody responses. Chem. Biol, 10, 961-966. 

Rabies virus glycoprotein (G)and nucleo-protein (N) Alfala mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic vims in tobacco and spinach leaf Elicited specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice. Immunogenic in mice when delivered orally and parenterally immunogenic in humans when delivered orally. Moderately protective against lethal challenge infection in mice. 16, 71... 

Enterotoxigenic E. coli B subunits of the heat labile toxin (LTB) Maize seed Elicited neutralizing antibodies. Immunogenic when administered orally. Serum and secretory immune responses in humans. Partially protective in mouse gut fluid assay. 27-29, 89, unpublished data... 

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 gpl20 (V3 loop) protein Alfalfa mosaic virus in tobacco leaf Elicited specific virus-neutralizing antibodies in mice when delivered parenterally. 16... 

Rinderpest virus hemagglutinin (H) protein Tobacco leaf High titers of neutralizing antibodies detected in immunized mice. 111... 

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