Anti-apoptosis

Many skin disorders are associated with at least one of the characteristics of inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperproliferation, hypodifferentiation, infection, apoptosis, and autoimmune reactions. GTPs are uniquely positioned to antagonize these conditions with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, prodifferentiation, anti-apoptosis, and inhibition of autoantigen properties. Thus, many skin conditions, including autoimmune-induced lupus and psoriasis, wounds created by trauma or infections, damage induced by environmental factors such as UVB, and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), could be treated or managed by topical application of GTPs. 

Abu-Ghazaleh, R., Kabir, J., Jia, H., Lobo, M., and Zachary, I. 2001. Src mediates stimulation by vascular endothelial growth factor of the phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase at tyrosine 861, and migration and anti-apoptosis in endothelial cells. Biochem. J. 360 255-264. 

Schlaeger EJ (1996), The protein hydrolysate, Primatone RL, is a cost-effective multiple growth promoter of mammalian cell culture in serum-containing and serum-free media and displays anti-apoptosis properties, J. Immunol. Methods 194 191-199. 

Majors B, Betenbaugh M, Chiang G (2007) Links between metabolism and apoptosis in mammalian cells applications for anti-apoptosis engineering. Metab Eng 9 317-326... 

Apoptosis PCR microarray is a relatively new methodology that uses real-time PCR to profile the expression of at least 112 key genes involved in apoptosis. The array includes the TNF ligands and their receptors members of the bcl-2, caspase, IAP, TRAF (TNF receptor associated factor), CARD (caspase activation and recruitment domain), death domain, death effector domain, and CIDE (cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector) families and genes involved in the p53 and ATM pathways. Also included in the evaluation are genes involved in anti-apoptosis. This assay allows for the evaluation of the expression of a focused panel of genes related to apoptosis. 

Ambrosini G, Adida C, Altieri DC. A novel anti-apoptosis... 

LAT interferes with apoptosis in transiently transfected cells and in TG of infected rabbits or mice (Jones, 2003). Inhibiting apoptosis may be the most important function of LAT because two anti-apoptosis genes, the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) LAT homologue (Mott et al., 2003 Pemg et al., 2002) and the baculovirus lAP gene (Jin et al., 2005), can restore levels of spontaneous reactivation to a LAT null mutant. 

L.l. Plotkin, T. Bellido, Bisphosphonate-induced, hemichannel-mediated, anti-apoptosis through the Src/ ERK pathway a gap junction-independent action of conncxin43, Cell Commun Adhes 8, 377-382 (2001). 

Anti-apoptosis Anti- apoptpsis Apoptosis Apoptosis... 

Monks N R, Biswas D K, Pardee A B (2004). Blocking anti-apoptosis as a strategy for cancer chemotherapy NF-kappaB as a target. /. Cell Biochem. 92(4) 646-650. 

Examples of Anticancer Eifects of Phenols, Polyphenols, Flavonoids, and OPCs on Pro- and Anti-Apoptosis-Based Mechanisms... 

Huang, DC., O Reilly, L.A., Strasser, A., and Cory, S., The anti-apoptosis function of Bcl-2 can be genetically separated from its inhibitory effect on cell cycle entry, EMBO J., 16 (15), 4628, 1997. 

Ambrosini G, Adida C, Altieri DC. A novel anti-apoptosis gene, survivin, expressed in cancer and lymphoma. Nat Med 1997 3 917-921. 

Domachowske JB, Bonville CA, Mortelliti AJ et al. Respiratory syncytial virus infection induces expression of the anti-apoptosis gene lEX-lL in human respiratory epithelial cells. J Infect Dis 2000 181(3) 824-30. 

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