Botrytis control

Laboratory tests with M. fructicola (26) and field experience with the dicarboximides for Botrytis control in strawberry fields (14) suggest fungicide resistance may be a problem if the dicarboximide fungicides are used extensively and continuously season after season. Although many workers consider dicarboximide resistant strains less fit than wild-type strains ( 1 6, 17 ), the research suggests that field resistance will develop if steps are not taken to... 

Mildew and Botrytis Control. Control of mildew is the major fungicide problem in North Coast vineyards. Occurrence of mildew and botrytis affects the grape quality, and mildew has been shown to have a negative effect on wine quality (4). Mildew is controlled by sulfur applications, and nearly all North Coast vineyards receive four to six sulfur applications each year. The North Coast has less mildew and insect problems than does the San Joaquin Valley, attributable to a cooler climate and shorter insect seasons. 

Magie, R. O. Botrytis disease control on gladiolus, carnations, and chrysanthemums. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 76 458-461, 1%3. 

Uses Vulcanizer seed disinfectant rubber accelerator rabbit, deer and rodent repellent bacteriostat in soap. Protective fungicide applied to foliage to control Botrytis spp. On ornamentals, lettuce, soft fruit, and vegetables Venturia pirina on pears. Also used in fields and orchards to control birds, rodents, and deer (Worthing and Hance, 1991). Prevents infestation of... 

From intact vegetable crops, apart from tuber, bulb, and root crops, tomatoes and asparagus show potential for radiation treatment. The development of fungal decay in tomatoes caused by Alternaria, Botrytis, or Rhizopus spp. can be controlled using doses of approx. 3 kGy. However, softening and the loss of characteristic flavor may occur. Doses of 0.1 kGy and above result in a delay of ripening of tomatoes [43]. 

Chlorothalonil, a chlorophenyl introduced in the mid-1960s, is a major protectant fungicide. It is used alone or in mixtures to control Septoria spp. in cereals, Phytophthora infestans in potatoes and Botrytis spp. in vegetables. 

Polyoxins are used in the control of several pathogens, notably sheath blight of rice (Rhizoctonia solani). Polyoxin is specific to Alternaria, Botrytis, and powdery mildew. Differences in activity between members of the polyoxin group probably reflect dissimilar uptake characteristics, which are governed by specific peptides. Different peptides may limit polyoxin activity at the level of the uptake mechanism and may also determine their resistance traits. 

Liu, Z., Zeng, M., Dong, S., Xu, J., Song, H., and Zhao, Y. (2007). Effect of an antifungal peptide from oyster enzymatic hydrolysates for control of gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on harvested strawberries. Postharvest Biol. Technol. 46, 95-98. 

Daugaard, H. 1999. Cultural methods for controlling Botrytis cinerea Pers. in strawberry. Biological Agriculture and Horticulture 16 351-361. 

Comparable results were also reported by another group [65]. Controlled conversion of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one by Botrytis cinerea resulted in the formation of (5)-(+)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-ol (sulcatol) of 90% ee. In addition, (2R,5R), (25,55)-, (2R,5S) and (25,5/ )-pityol and the four enantiomers of 3-hydroxy-2,2,6-trimethyltetrahydropyran were found as biotransformation products of 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one. 

The third group of new fungicides to be tested on grapes in the US is the dicarboximide group. Vinclozolin (Ronilan) and iprodione (Rov-ral) are the members of this group that have been extensively tested for control of Botrytis bunch rot. 

Pearson, R. C., and D. G. Riegel. 1983. Control of Botrytis bunch rot of ripening grapes Timing applications of the dicar-boxlmide fungicides. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 34 167-172. 

The effect of various thermohygrometric conditions on grape dehydration kinetics has been recently studied by Barbanti et al. (2008). Nonetheless, improved ways of controlling this delicate process are always looked for, with the aim to better clarify the role of Botrytis in the metabolic changes that occur in the fruttaio, and to choose the best conditions to favor the development of noble rot. 

Uses as fungicide for control of Botrytis, Sclerotinia, Monilia, and Helminthosporium spp. on fruit, vines, vegetables, cereals and ornamentals, etc. 

Uses as fungicide for seed and soil treatment, for control of Botrytis, Rhizoctonia, and Sclerotinia spp. on brassicas, vegetables, ornamentals and other crops, and Telletia caries of wheat. 

Chemical Name V-dichlorofluoromethylthio-AW -dimethyl-V- -tolylsulphamide 1,1 -dichloro-/V-[(dimethylamino)-sulfonyl]-l-fhioro-V-(4-methylphenyl)methane-sulfenamide Uses fungicide/acaricide to control scab on apples and pears Botrytis on strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, currants, grapes, ornamentals, etc. 

Uses fungicide to control Botrytis/Sclerotinie spp. in vines, oilseed rape, vegetables, fruit, and ornamentals, etc. Molecular Formula C12H9C12N03 Molecular Weight 286.110 Melting Point (°C) ... 

Control wide range of pathogens like Tapesia yallundae, T. acuformis, Erysiphe spp., Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis, Botrytis spp., in cereals, grapes, pome fruit, stone fruit, strawberries, vegetables, field crops and ornamentals, barley Altemaria spp., Venturia spp. and... 

Plant volatiles have been surveyed to find safe and environmentally friendly postharvest fumigants. Hexanal (171), 1-hexanol (172), ( )-2-hexen-l-ol (173), (Z)-6-nonenal (174), ( )-3-nonen-2-one (175), methyl salicylate (176), and methyl benzoate (177) exhibit potential to control the gray mold, Botrytis cinerea 02 (E)-2-hexenal (178), carvacrol (179), ( )-cinnamaldehyde (180), and citral (181) exhibited consistent fungicidal activities against Penicittium expansum, the cause of blue mould of pear.103 ( )-2-hexenal (178), carvacrol (179), and citral (181) were also effective against Monilinia laxa, the cause of brown rot in stone fruit.104... 

The phenylpyrrole class of fungicides includes the conq>ounds fenpiclonil and fludioxo-nil. These chemistries have been developed fix>m the natural product lead molecule pyr-rolnitrin produced by Pseudomonas pyrrocinia (Fig. 3). The photoinstability of pyrrol-nitrin was overcome in the synthetic analogs and these compounds are now used for the control of Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia, and Sclerotinia spp. [12]. 

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