Dicarboximide fungicides

Riviere, J.L., J. Bach, and G. Grolleau. 1983. Effect of pyrethroid insecticides and N-(3,5-dichlorophenyl) dicarboximide fungicides on microsomal drug-metabolizing enzymes in the Japanese quail (Cotumix cotumix). Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 31 479-485. 

Laboratory tests with M. fructicola (26) and field experience with the dicarboximides for Botrytis control in strawberry fields (14) suggest fungicide resistance may be a problem if the dicarboximide fungicides are used extensively and continuously season after season. Although many workers consider dicarboximide resistant strains less fit than wild-type strains ( 1 6, 17 ), the research suggests that field resistance will develop if steps are not taken to... 

Sandra, P., B. Tienpont, and J. Vercammen. 2001. Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine. J. Chromatogr. A 928 117-126. 

Hustert, K., Moza, P.N. (1997) Photochemical degradation of dicarboximide fungicides in the presence of soil constituents. Chemo-... 

This group of fungicides contains several different subgroups, the chlorobenzenes, phenols, and the dicarboximide fungicides. 

Figure 9.5. The El fragmentation spectra of dicarboximide fungicides vinclozolin, iprodione, procymidone, and of (3,5-dichlorophenyl)hydantoin (the iprodione degradation product) recorded by stir bar sorptive extraction and thermal desorption-GC/ MS analysis (SBSE-TD-GC/MS). (Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography A, 928, Sandra et al., Stir bar sorptive extraction applied to the determination of dicarboximide fungicides in wine. p. 121, Copyright 2001, with permission from Elsevier.)...

In order to obtain more definitive evidence of enhanced degradation of iprodione, experiments were made using a soil with no known prior treatment with dicarboximide fungicides. 

More detailed studies of the microbial relationships involved In enhanced degradation of the dicarboximide fungicides in soils are currently being undertaken in the Department of the Environmental... 

Ortho OrthocidcA [Chewon] ds-N-[(Trichloromediyl) diio]-4-c lohex-ene-l,2-dicarboximide fungicide for contrd of diseases on a varied of fruit and vegetables. 

In Botrytis, dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole resistant laboratory strains [12,18] and less sensitive field isolates [13, 19] are usually found to be mutated in Dafl, the histidine kinase homologous to Os-1. However, field isolates less sensitive to dicarboximide fungicides were reported to retain wild-type levels of sensitivity to phenylpyrroles [18-20]. Vignutelli et al. [21] crossed a field resistant strain of Botrytis with a sensitive one and found that dicarboximide resistance segregated separately from phenylpyrrole resistance, suggesting different genes regulate... 

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