Vegetable crops

Boron. The principal materials used are borax [1303-96-4] sodium pentaborate, sodium tetraborate, partially dehydrated borates, boric acid [10043-35-3] and boron frits. Soil appHcation rates of boron for vegetable crops and alfalfa are usually in the range of 0.5—3 kg/hm. Lower rates are used for more sensitive crops. Both soil and foHar appHcation are practiced but soil appHcations remain effective longer. Boron toxicity is not often observed in field appHcations (see Boron compounds). 

Sodium is an indispensable element for some crops (notably sugar beet), can partially substitute for potassium in several crops, contributes to neutralising soil and subsoil acidity, and has a positive effect on soil phosphoms solubiUty. Sodium is an essential nutrient for cattle, and sodium appHcation to soil increases its content in pastures. Sodium nitrate is particularly effective as a nitrogen source for sugar beet, vegetable crops, tobacco, and cotton (qv), and for any crop in acid soils. 

Exxon Chemical Canada is currently test marketing this developmental technology on a number of appHcations including high value vegetable crop, turf, and ornamental nurseries. 

Another groundwater contaminant that can be removed by reduction reactions is perchlorate. Ammonium perchlorate is a solid rocket fuel, and wastes from its manufacturing have contaminated some irrigation and drinking water sources, among them the lower Colorado River in the American Southwest. Elevated perchlorate levels have been linked to human health effects, and because perchlorate has been found in vegetable crops such as lettuce, there is concern that this contamination could have serious consequences. 

KUSHAD M M, BROWN A F and KURiLicH A c (1999) Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of brassica oleracea , JAgric Food Chem, 47 1541-8. 

W-nitrosodiethylamine from soil by wheat, barley and several vegetable crops has been demonstrated (17,18). Rapid disappearance of the N-nitrosoamine absorbed by plants was observed. Sander et al. (19) observed that several W-nitrosoamines could be removed from water by cress, but the residues rapidly decreased when W-nitrosamine containing water was replaced with non-contaminated water. Dean-Raymond and Alexander (20) reported... 

Kopsell, D.A. and Kopsell, D.E., Accumulation and bioavailability of dietary carotenoids in vegetable crops. Trends Plant Sci. 11, 499, 2006. 

Whicker FW, Hinton TG, Orlandini KA, et al. 1999. Uptake of natural and anthropogenic actinides in vegetable crops grown on a contaminated lake bed. J Environ Radioact 45 1-12. 

The medical profession views with equal alarm the abuses that have occurred with these materials and the retaliatory measures which threaten overregulation. These abuses have compelled food processors to reject fruit and vegetable crops which have been treated with certain of the newer materials. It has also prompted health officials to confer with government and technical workers on means of establishing measures for the protection of the public. 

These studies were limited to work with navel and Valencia oranges, lemons, grapefruit, apples, pears, and peaches. Preliminary results have also been obtained with avocados, grapes, olives, plums, and certain vegetable crops. 

Rating combustion gases from combined cycle plants to use in vegetable crops in greenhouses, in applications in irrigation pipes to prevent clogging and to balance the pH in nutrient solutions. 

Risk of transfer of enteric pathogens from manure to fruit and vegetable crops... 

Dalai M, Dani RG and Kumar PA. 2006. Current trends in the genetic engineering of vegetable crops. Scientia Hort 107 215-225. 

Schreiner M. 2005. Vegetable crop management strategies to increase the quantity of phytochemicals. Eur J Nutr 44 85-94. 

Toumas VH. 2005. Spoilage of vegetable crops by bacteria and fungi and related health hazard. Crit Rev Microbiol 3l(l) 33 t4. 

Abawi GS, Widmer TL (2000) Impact of soil health management practices on soilbome pathogens, nematodes and root diseases of vegetable crops. Appl Soil Ecol 15 37-47... 

Campiglia E, Temperini O, Mancinelli R, Saccardo F (2000) Effects of soil solarization on the weed control of vegetable crops and on the cauliflower and fennel production in the open field. Acta Hort (ISHS) 533 249-255... 

Lamont WJ Jr (1993) Plastic mulches for the production of vegetable crops. HortTecnology 3 35-39... 

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