Boilers, wood-fired

Table 8. Trace Metal Concentrations in Ash from Agricultural Biofuels and Wood-Fired Boilers, mg/kg...

Metal Cotton gin trash Orchard pmnings Vineyard pmnings Wood-fired boilers ... 

Wood-fired power boilers are generally found at the mills where wood products are manufactured. They are fired with waste materials from the process, such as "hogged wood," sander dust, sawdust, bark, or process trim. Little information is available on gaseous emissions from wood-fired boilers, but extensive tests of particulate matter emissions are reported (19). These emissions range from 0.057 to 1.626 gm per dry standard cubic meter, with an average of 0.343 reported for 135 tests. Collection devices for particulate matter from wood-fired boilers are shown in Table 30-21. 

Particulate Matter Collection Devices for Wood-Fired Boilers... 

Boubel, R. W., "Control of Particulate Emissions from Wood-Fired Boilers," Stationary Source Enforcement Series, EPA 340/1-77-026. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1977. 

Would you expect wood-fired boilers to emit more or less CO per metric ton of fuel than... 

Fig. 32-8. Photomicrograph of particulate from a source test of a wood-fired boiler.

Another study by the California Energy Commission found that wood-fired boilers can be installed for about 20% less than a coal unit. Biomass conversion plants are often smaller than fossil fuel units and can be built more quickly and with less capital investment. 

The annual heat production from small-scale combustion of biofuels, applying wood-fired boilers or wood stoves, was around 11 TWht in the year 1998 in private Swedish households [7]. The wood-fired boilers and wood stoves are typical examples of PBC technology. 

Tuttle K.L., Combustion Mechanisms in Wood Fired Boilers, PhD thesis. Dept, of Mechanical Engineering, Oregon State University in U.S., June (1978). 

EDI Engineering and Science. Report of Tire Chip Test Burn. Performed for Dow Coming, Midland Michigan, on the Wood Fired Boiler. March 9-29, 1989. 

Air emissions testing data from five facilities were evaluated for this report. The results are summarized here, by pollutant. The most extensive testing was performed by WP L, who tested criteria pollutants, heavy metals, dioxins and furans, and other organic compounds. Table 6-2 summarizes test data for all criteria pollutants at WP L.18 Ohio Edison tested particulate, S02, NOx, and lead emissions results from this whole tire test are provided in Table 6-3.12 Illinois Power tested PM, metals, and S02 their emissions data are summarized in Table 6-4.4 In 1979, United Power Association performed two TDF tests at their Minnesota facility, and conducted air emissions tests during the first test burn for particulate, NOx, SOz, sulfuric acid, and chloride.17 These emission results are summarized in Table 6-5.17 Northern States Power tested TDF in their wood-fired utility boiler in 1982, without much success.9 Their emissions data are summarized in Table 6-6.9 Comparisons of the data from these plants are provided in the pollutant specific discussions that follow the Northern States Power data are not included with graphical summaries of the other four facilities, because its boiler is wood fired, while the other four co-fire the TDF with coal. 

Table 6-6. Summary of Emissions from a Wood-fired Utility Boiler Cofiring TDF Northern States Power Co.9 French Island, WX...

Present-day wood-fired boiler systems are complicated and cost considerably more than a comparable petroleum-fired installation. As much as 25 percent of the capital cost is in the fuel-handling equipment, and another 20 percent is in the air pollution control system. Because of the high capital costs and the lower... 

Oehme M, Muller MD (1995), Chemosphere 30 1527-1539.. .Levels and congener patterns of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in solid residues from wood-fired boilers. Influence of combustion and fuel type"... 

Berg, M., Berge, N. (1999) Development of domestic wood fired boilers with catalytic abatement of emissions, Proc. of 2 Olle Lindstrdm Symposium on Renewable Energy - Bioenergy, Stockholm, Sweden... 

Development of catalytic wood fired boiler Integration, deactivation and regeneration of net-based catalysts... 

The overall objective of the project was to develop catalytic wood fired boilers with low emissions of unbumed components. In this specific work the objective was to evaluate the possibility to use net-based catalysts instead of the more commonly applied monolithic catalysts. The conversion over the catalyst when integrated in the wood fired boiler is measured and compared with calculated values and the deactivation, regeneration and possibilities to prolong the lifetime of the catalyst are shown. 

THE WOOD FIRED BOILER AND TEST CONDITIONS USED... 

Wanker R., Berg M., Raupenstrauch H. and Staudinger G. Numerical Simulation of Monolithic Catalysts with a Heterogeneous Model and Comparison with Experimental Results from a Wood-fired Domestic Boiler. Accepted for publication in Chemical Engineering Journal. 

Berg M., Rudling L, and Berge N. (2000) Abatement of emissions from domestic wood fired boilers by catalytic flue gas cleaning. Proceedings of the ECSBT2, pp. 199-207. 

So it was decided to concentrate on more fundamental aspects of pyrolysis and gasification and to limit large scale work to collaboration projects with industry, such as the development of small boilers for firing miscellaneous -wastes, moving bed carbonization of wood slabs, fluidized bed gasification and pyrolysis and moving bed gasifiers for various applications of the product gas [ 2 1 ... 

A wood-fired power plant is included in the PEF system to produce electricity from the solid fuel produced on the dry-land Energy Plantation. Some of the various elements included in the power plant subsystem and the model are shown in Figure I. The power cycle modeled is a conventional steam Rankine cycle as is used in coal-fired and nuclear power plants, in keeping with the decision that the model should represent "state-of-the-art" equipment which would be readily available for a demonstration system. The system components are similar to those that would appear in a simple coal-fired power plant with the additional equipment to dry and screen the fuel before it enters the boiler. 

Andersson, M., Everbrand, L. and Lloyd Spetz, A. (2007), A novel sensor system based on gas sensitive MtSiCFET devices for combustion control in small-scale wood fired boilers , in P roceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Sensors, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, October 2007,493. ... 

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