Midland, Michigan

These discoveries were followed by two key publications describing the work that marked the beginning of the commercial siUcone industry (18,19). Production increased rapidly with the need for siUcones in World War II. In 1943, the Dow Corning Corp. was formed in Midland, Michigan, as a joint venture between Corning Glass and Dow Chemical. In 1947 GE opened a plant in Waterford, New York, for manufacture of siUcones, and in 1949 Union Carbide opened a siUcone manufacturing plant in Tonawanda, New York. 

Later, more concentrated brines of the Midland, Michigan producers displaced the California producers. In 1976, Houston Chemicals began recovery using the blowing-out process from underground brines of the Anadarko Basin in northwestern Oklahoma. Annual capacity was 900 metric tons (38). In 1991, nearly all of the iodine produced was made from Oklahoma brines by a blowing-out process. 

Ethyl cyanoacetate was purchased from the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan, and redistilled before using. 

The commercial recovery of iodine on an industrial scale depends on the particular source of the element.Erom natural brines, such as those at Midland (Michigan) or in Russia or Japan, chlorine oxidation followed by air blowout as for bromine (above) is much used, the final purification being by resublimation. Alternatively the brine, after clarification, can be treated with just sufficient AgNOs to precipitate the Agl which is then treated with clean scrap iron or steel to form metallic Ag and a solution of EeU the Ag is redissolved in HNO3 for recycling and the solution is treated with CI2 to liberate the h ... 

Janaf Thermochemical Tables." Dow Chemical Co., Midland, Michigan, 1963. 

Koizumi A, Kastl PE, Reitz RH, et al. 1986. Fate of " C-trichloroethylene administered to rats in drinking water. DOW Chemical USA, Health and Environmental Sciences, Mammalian and Environmental Toxicology, Midland, Michigan. 

Unit trains can pose problems to small manufacturers who do not have the volume to use them. This effectively gives the big producer a price advantage this is frowned upon in Washington. In 1969 the Dow Chemical Company, which was using unit trains to deliver coal from West Virginia to Midland, Michigan, was accused of violating railroad tariff rate. It was claimed Dow paid less than published tariff rates. In an out-of-court settlement Dow paid 350,000 in claims. ... 

The Dow Chemical Company H ES Analytical Chemistry Laboratory Midland, Michigan... 

JANAF Thermochemical Tables. Hrsg. D. R. Stull und H. Prophet, National Standard Reference Data Series, National Bureau of Standards, Midland, Michigan, USA 2. Aufl. 1971, 4 Erg. Bde. 1974-1982. 

Pamela Slavings of the Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan, performs the metal analysis required following the removal of metals with chelating agents. 

In a research and development laboratory at the Dow Chemical Company in Midland, Michigan, rotational viscometry experiments on various dilutions of a test fluid, such as corn syrup, can generate the required data. Once various challenges are overcome, such as obtaining a uniform and constant temperature throughout the fluid and dealing with unusual physical behaviors of the test fluid, accurate viscosity measurements can be made and the project to optimize mixing performance can move forward. 

Two different dendrimer families are presently commercially available Starburst polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers from Dendritech Inc., Midland, Michigan, and ASTRAMOL polypropyleneimine (PPI) dendrimers from DSM, Geleen, the Netherlands. 

Steele I. M., Hutcheon I. D. and Smith J. V. (1980b). Ion microprobe analysis of plagioclase feldspar (Cai xNaxAl2 xSi2+x08)- for major, minor and trace elements. VIII Int. Congr. X-ray Optics Micro analysis, Pendell Pub. Co, Midland, Michigan. 

A polydisperse polystyrene standard was obtained from Dow Chemical Co. (Midland, Michigan). This material was designated Dow 1683 polystyrene standard and has been well characterized with reported values as follows (18) ... 

Alfredson, T.V., personal communication from Edwin R. North, Analytical Laboratories, Polymer Analysis Group, Dow Chemical USA, Midland, Michigan... 

Kociba RJ, Gehring PJ, Humiston CG, et al. 1971. Toxicologic study of female rats administered hexachlorobutadiene or hexachlorobenzene for thirty days. The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan. 

Herbert H. Dow founded the Dow Chemical Company in 1897 as a chloralkali company. He found that there were extensive brine wells near Midland, Michigan, and started a small company there to produce bromine, chlorine, and caustic soda (NaOH) there. 

Carbon tetrachloride is produced by exhaustive chlorination of a variety of low molecular weight hydrocarbons such as carbon disulfide, methanol, methane, propane, and ethylene dichloride (CEH 1985 lARC 1979). It is also produced by thermal chlorination in the production of tetrachloroethylene. Since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration banned the sale of carbon tetrachloride in any product used in the home, its production initially declined at approximately 8% a year from 1974 to 1981 (HSDB 1992). From 1981 to 1988 the United States consistently produced between 573-761 million pounds (260,000-350,000 metric tons) of carbon tetrachloride per year (C EN 1992 SRI 1988 USITC 1986). Carbon tetrachloride production dropped to 413 million pounds (187,000 metric tons) per year in 1990, and to 315 million pounds (143,000 metric tons) in 1991 (C EN 1992, 1993 USITC 1986, 1991). Carbon tetrachloride is currently manufactured at five facilities in the United States Akzo Chemical, Inc., New York, New York Dow Chemical Company, Midland, Michigan Vulcan Materials Company, Birmingham, Alabama Occidental Chemical Corporation, Dallas, Texas and LCP Chemicals, West Virginia Inc., Moundsville, West Virginia (USITC 1991 HSDB 1992). 

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