Steam Rankine cycle

Another advantage is that the IGCC system generates electricity by both combustion (Brayton cycle) and steam (Rankine cycle) turbines. The inclusion of the Brayton topping cycle improves efficiency compared to a conventional power plant s Rankine cycle-only generating wstem. Typically about two-thirds of the power generated comes from the Brayton cycle and one-third from the Rankine cycle. 

An actual steam Rankine cycle operates between a condenser pressure of 1 psia and a boiler pressure of 600 psia. The outlet temperature of the... 

A four-stage turbine with reheat and three-stage regenerative steam Rankine cycle as shown in Fig. 2.36a was designed by a junior engineer. The following design information is provided ... 

A closed-cycle steam Rankine cycle without superheating has been designed by a junior engineer as illustrated in Fig. 2.37a with the following preliminary design information ... 

A combined cycle made of two cycles is shown in Fig. 5.2. The upstream topping cycle is a steam Rankine cycle and the downstream bottom cycle is an ammonia Rankine cycle. The following information is provided steam boiler pressure = 2 MPa, steam superheater temperature = 400° C, steam condenser (heat exchanger) pressure = 20 kPa, ammonia boiler (heat exchanger) pressure = 1200 kPa, ammonia condenser pressure = 800 kPa, and mass flow rate of steam = Ikg/sec. 

The second step is to develop several conceptual plants (e.g., cycles A, B, and C) to meet the identified need. One of the several plants is described in Example 5.14. In this example, a three-stage regenerative steam Rankine cycle and a four-stage intercool and four-stage reheat air Brayton cycle are combined to meet the need. 

Fig. 21. Schematic diagram of regenerative-reheat steam Rankine cycle...

The United States derived about 20 percent of its electricity from nuclear energy in 2002 (EIA, Electric Power Monthly, 2003). The 103 power reactors operating today have a total capacity of nearly 100 gigawatts electric (GWe) and constitute about 13 percent of the installed U.S. electric generation capacity. The current U.S. plants use water as the coolant and neutron moderator (hence called light-water reactors, or LWRs) and rely on the steam Rankine cycle as the thermal-to-electrical power conversion cycle. Other countries use other technologies—notably C02-cooled reactors in the United Kingdom and heavy-water-cooled reactors (HWRs) in Canada and India. 

A wood-fired power plant is included in the PEF system to produce electricity from the solid fuel produced on the dry-land Energy Plantation. Some of the various elements included in the power plant subsystem and the model are shown in Figure I. The power cycle modeled is a conventional steam Rankine cycle as is used in coal-fired and nuclear power plants, in keeping with the decision that the model should represent "state-of-the-art" equipment which would be readily available for a demonstration system. The system components are similar to those that would appear in a simple coal-fired power plant with the additional equipment to dry and screen the fuel before it enters the boiler. 

The power conversion system to produce electricity from the AHTR uses a multistage molten coolant gas cycle (MCGC)/ which is based on the GT-MHR power conversion unit (PCU). With similar power output, the MCGC system is expected to be more compact and, thus, provide the potential for major reductions in the turbine building volume and power conversion system capital cost for the AHTR relative to conventional systems that use a steam Rankine cycle. 

Figure 4.15 Proposed hierarchical design approach [49], MINLP, Mixed integer nonlinear programming TAC, total annualized cost SRC, steam Rankine cycle.

MSR-FUJI Japan XXX Molten salt reactor 200/450 >30 (on-line fissile and fertile feeding) Molten fluoride salt of LiF-Bep2-ThF4- UF4 Forced circulation Molten fluoride salt 570/710 Indirect super- critical steam Rankine cycle 8 years 1584 0.012... 

The ELENA (1), UNITHERM (2), and RAPID (3) are designed for or provide for an option of unattended operation/passive load follow. The ELENA and RAPID use passive thermoelectric energy conversion to generate electricity for on-site power or consumer needs the UNITHERM can use a steam Rankine cycle. In the cases of unattended operation, remote monitoring and rapid response maintenance teams are intended to be available from centralized regional facilities. 

Cycle type Indirect cycle Supercritical steam Rankine cycle steam conditions at turbine inlet p=24 MPa, T=810 K... 

Indirect super heated steam Rankine cycle 30 %... 

Power conversion system Reference superheated steam Rankine cycle Alternative S—CO2 Brayton cycle... 

The heat transport system is composed of a primary heat transport system (PHTS), an IHTS, and a power conversion system (PCS). The heat transport system has features such as pool-type PHTS, two IHTS loops, and a superheated steam Rankine cycle PCS, as shown in Fig. 13.5. 

Local generation requires small-scale power plants (few kWe to MWe range) where the conventional steam Rankine cycle is not cost effective. 

After investigating the electrochemical process first described by Sir William Grove in 1839, Ostwald in 1894 predicted that the twentieth century would become the Age of Electrochemical Combustion, with the replacement of steam Rankine cycle heat engines by much more efficient, pollution-free fuel cells (8. ... 

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