Novel sensors

Horvath, R. Skivesen, N. Larsen, N. B. Pedersen, H. C., Reverse symmetry waveguide for optical biosensing, In Frontiers in Chemical Sensors. Novel Principles and Techniques Orellana, G. Moreno Bondi, M. C., Eds. Springer Series on Chemical Sensors and Biosen sors Springer, Berlin, 2005, Vol. 3, 279 301... 

Possible answers to the above challenges extend through a reduction in system complexity (an ordinary car can have more than 50 processors, actuators and sensors), novel concepts for personal mobility and advanced systems integration towards a more electric and to full electric mobility. The following sections address these issues. 

The recent analytical literature abounds with reports on the development of electrochemical, fiber optic, piezoelectric, and other sensors. Novel detection principles are frequently announced, and attainment of improved sensor quality in terms of selectivity, sensitivity, and lifetime are the goal of many established as well as newly formed research groups. The need for continuous monitoring of critical parameters in clinical chemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceutical, chemical, and nuclear industries, chemical warfare or environmental control is the driving force behind the sensor research. 

Polliack et al. recently compared the accuracy, hysteresis, drift, and effect of curvature on sensor performance for these commercial prosthetic systems (force sensitive resistors F-Socket Measurement System, Tekscan, Inc., Boston, Mass. and Socket Fitting System, Rincoe, Golden, Colo prototype capacitive sensor. Novel Electronic, Minneapolis, Minn.). These authors concluded that the current systems were more appropriate for static use because the hysteresis, drift, and large standard deviations become more problematic during dynamic and long-term loading. 

Lieberzeit PA, Dickert FL (2008) Rapid bioanalysis with chemical sensors novel strategies for devices and artificial recognition membranes. Anal Bioanal Chem 391 1629-1639... 

Orellana, G. Moreno-Bondi, M.C. (2005). Frontiers in chemical sensors novel principles and techniques. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. 

G. OreUana, M.C. Moreno-Bondi, D. Garcia FiesnadUlo, and M.D. Marazuela, The interplay of indicator, support and analyte in optical sensor layers, in G. OreUana and M.C. Moreno-Bondi, eds.. Frontiers in Chemical Sensors Novel Principles and Techniques, Berlin-Heidelberg, Germany, Springer, 2005 pp 189-227. 

W. Cai, Novel Sensors for On Vehicle Measurement of Emissions, Ph.D. dissertation University of Cambridge, Mass., 1992. 

Novel glycerol and formaldehyde selective sensors based on pEI-Sensitive Field Effect Transistors as transducers and Glycerol Dehydrogenase and Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase as biorecognition elements have been developed. The main analytical parameters of the sensors have been investigated and will be discussed. 

NOVEL OPTICAL pH SENSORS BASED ON CATECHOL AZO DYE DERIVATIVES... 

What is novel is the manner in which they are tied together. In IP, new nondestructive evaluation sensors are used to monitor the development of a materials microstructure as it evolves during production in real time. These sensors can indicate whether the microstructure is developing properly. Poor microstructure will lead to defects in materials. In essence, the sensors are inspecting the material on-line before the product is produced. 

Conventional and novel PKC isozymes are potently activated by phorbol esters, heterocyclic compounds found in the milky sap exuded by plants of the Euphorbiaccae family. This sap was used medicinally as a counterirritant and cathartic agent over the millennia we now know that the active ingredients, phorbol esters, specifically bind to the Cl domain, the diacylglycerol sensor described above. In fact, their ability to recruit PKC to membranes is so effective that phorbol esters cause maximal activation of conventional PKCs, bypassing the requirement for Ca2+. This module is found in a number of other proteins in addition to PKC, so the profound effects of phorbol esters on cells are mediated by other proteins in addition to PKC. 

There is no doubt that metallic nanoparticles that have defined sizes and shapes will become key components of a number of novel, highly sophisticated products, the prototypes of which are currently emerging from the industrial R D departments. The outlook is promising for the industrial production of defined 1.4nm metal clusters for use as single electron switches or transistors, for the cost-effective fabrication of ultrapure metallic nanomaterials needed for dye solar cells or sensors, and for the reproducible production of (particularly) efficient and durable... 

Kakehi N, Yamazaki T, Tsugawa W, Sode K. 2007. A novel wireless glucose sensor employing direct electron transfer principle based enzyme fuel cell. Biosens Bioelectron 22 2250-2255. 

The arrival of integrated circuits with very good performance/price ratios and relatively low-cost microprocessors and memories has had a profound influence on many areas of technical endeavour. Also in the measurement and control field, modem electronic circuits were introduced on a large scale leading to very sophisticated systems and novel solutions. However, in these measurement and control systems, quite often sensors and actuators were applied that were conceived many decades ago. Consequently, it became necessary to improve these devices in such a way that their performance/price ratios would approach that of modem electronic circuits. 

Since it was proposed in the early 1980s [6, 7], spin-relaxation has been extensively used to determine the surface-to-volume ratio of porous materials [8-10]. Pore structure has been probed by the effect on the diffusion coefficient [11, 12] and the diffusion propagator [13,14], Self-diffusion coefficient measurements as a function of diffusion time provide surface-to-volume ratio information for the early times, and tortuosity for the long times. Recent techniques of two-dimensional NMR of relaxation and diffusion [15-21] have proven particularly interesting for several applications. The development of portable NMR sensors (e.g., NMR logging devices [22] and NMR-MOUSE [23]) and novel concepts for ex situ NMR [24, 25] demonstrate the potential to extend the NMR technology to a broad application of field material testing. 

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