Blood serum analysis

The column used for blood serum analysis was 100 cm long, 1 mm in diameter and packed with RP 18 reversed phase having a particle size of 10 pm. A concave gradient program was used to develop the separation over a period of 45 min. at a flow rate of 50 pl/min. The initial solvent was 75% methanol 25% water and the final solvent was pure methanol. 

In the case of most chemicals, urine analysis provides less precise information than blood serum analysis about the donor s instantaneous state of health. This is because the chemicals build up over time as filtered by the kidney and are diluted by variable amounts of water in the bladder depending upon the donor s hydration state. However, the easy availability of urine, compared with blood, means that repeated urinalysis can monitor a person s state of health with little pain or disruption. As noted above, another major use of urine analysis is the detection of breakdown products from medications or illegal drugs. 

McClure, G.L., et. al. "Application of Computerized Quantitative Infrared Spectroscopy to the Determination of the Principal Lipids Found in Blood Serum", Computerized Quantitative Infrared Analysis, ASTM STP 934, G.L. McClure, Ed. American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1987, 131-154. 

The two examples of sample preparation for the analysis of trace material in liquid matrixes are typical of those met in the analytical laboratory. They are dealt with in two quite different ways one uses the now well established cartridge extraction technique which is the most common the other uses a unique type of stationary phase which separates simultaneously on two different principles. Firstly, due to its design it can exclude large molecules from the interacting surface secondly, small molecules that can penetrate to the retentive surface can be separated by dispersive interactions. The two examples given will be the determination of trimethoprim in blood serum and the determination of herbicides in pond water. 

Adkins, J.N., Vamum, S.M., Auberry, K.J., Moore, R.J., Angell, N.H., Smith, R.D., Springer, D.L., Pounds, J.G. (2002). Toward a human blood serum proteome analysis by multidimensional separation coupled with mass spectrometry. Mol. Cell. Proteomics 1,47-955. 

Note For recent data on transition metals in human CSF, blood serum and whole blood (TXRF analysis) (see Boruchowska et al. in Further Reading). 

Art 83-year-old male has been effectively treated with hydrochlorothiazide to control his elevated blood pressure. He has had a recent onset of weakness. Blood chemistry analysis reveals a K+ of 2.5 mEq/L. Another drug is added, and one month later his serum K7 is 4.0 mFq/L. 

When an analyte is fluorescent, direct fluorometric detection is possible by means of a spectrofluorometer operating at appropriate excitation and observation wavelengths. This is the case for aromatic hydrocarbons (e.g. in crude oils), proteins (e.g. in blood serum, in cow milk), some drugs (e.g. morphine), chlorophylls, etc. Numerous fields of applications have been reported analysis of air and water pollutants, oils, foods, drugs monitoring of industrial processes monitoring of species of clinical relevance criminology etc. 

Results of electrophoretic analysis of proteins in the allantoic fluid and blood serum before and after photodynamic treatment are presented in Figs. 5.5 and 5.6. Visually, we did not detect any changes in the position and intensity of protein bands. In order to quantitatively analyze these parameters we scanned the gels and measured the relative optical density of the bands (Figs. 5.7 and 5.8). 

Although a number of chromatographic methods have been reported for determinations of aminoglycoside antibiotics in blood serum and urine, the application of chromatographic methods to residue analysis has been very limited. Shaikh et al (93) recently described an HPLC method for neomycin in animal tissue, and Lachatre et al (94) described a method for nine aminoglycosides in plasma, urine, and renal cortex tissue. Both procedures use post column derivatization with a-pthalaldehyde and fluorescence detection. 

The UVV spectrum of 32a is pH dependent In the presence of Li+ ions the spectrum of 32b shows a specific shift that allows quantation, which is carried out at 490 nm, pH 13. Possible interference by traces of heavy and transition elements is masked witii [Mg-EDTA] added to the sample. The metiiod was tested for Li" " in seawater and deproteinized plasma. f Determinations of Li in drugs and blood serum are carried out at 601 nm in alkaline solution. Originally designed for colorimetric determination of thorium in trace amounts. Measurements of tile hthium complex can be carried out over a wide range of wavelengths Determination in pharmaceuticals at 468 nm, with linear range of 0.1 to 4.0 mg analysis of blood serum at... 

Dialysis units provided highly efficient means for increasing selectivity in a dynamic system by placement in front of a lithium-selective electrode constructed by incorporating 14-crown-4 ether 3-dodecyl-3 -methyl-1,5,8,12-tetraoxacyclotetradecane into a PVC membrane that was in turn positioned in a microconduit circuit by deposition on platinum, silver or copper wires. The circuit was used to analyse undiluted blood serum samples by flow injection analysis with the aid of an on-line coupled dialysis membrane. For this purpose, a volume of 200 pL of sample was injected into a de-ionized water carrier (donor) stream and a 7 mM tetraborate buffer of pH 9.2 was... 

Frequently monitor both ethylene glycol levels and acid-base balance, as determined by serum electrolyte (anion gap) or arterial blood gas analysis... 

We studied the response of the immune biosensor with WGA-treated transducer surface in the analysis of the blood serum of vaccinated animals, which had Ab titer 1 128-1 256 according to the data obtained from RID test. It was found that the response of the immune biosensor to the blood serum of the sick and vaccinated animals was considerably different. In case of the non-modified transducer surface no difference was observed. 

Similar tests were carried out with the blood serum obtained from the National Reference Laboratory for FBI (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Germany). In this case a pool of 21 serum samples was analyzed. The results of three methods were in agreement except for two samples for which ELISA tests were low positive, whereas the immune biosensor analysis results were negative. 

The detection of viral specific Ab in milk serum is very important since the use of milk serum for the analysis rather than blood avoids physical injuries to the animals and extends the potential of the analytical method. We examined 15 samples of milk from RID-positive cows in the blood serum of which the titer of the viral specific Ab was 1 64—1 256. Simultaneously 10 samples of the milk from RID-negative cows... 

Fig. 8.3 The resonance angle of the immune biosensor in the analysis of the blood and milk serum. 1,2- blood serum, dilution 1 500, from RID-positive and RlD-negative cows, respectively 3,4 - milk serum, dilution 1 20, from RID-positive and RlD-negative cows, respectively...

Apart from the analysis of blood serum and urine, there are different applications of trace element analysis by ICP-MS, for instance on milk samples.24-28... 

Accurate determination of the biological important element, selenium, in blood serum by isotope dilution analysis using ICP-QMS with octopole collision cell (Agilent 7500ce, Tokio, Japan) is described by Schaumloffel and coworkers.55 A recovery of selenium from human serum reference material was only 78 % when hydrogen was applied as collision gas but 96.7 % using xenon as a non-reactive collision gas to eliminate isobaric interferences. A detection limit of 3.3p,gl-1 was achieved.55... 

E. A. Hernandez-Caraballo and L. M. Marco-Parra, Direct analysis of blood serum by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and application of an artificial neural network approach for cancer diagnosis, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 58(12), 2003, 2205-2213. 

---