Turning Position

The point at which the cumulative cash flow turns positive indicates the payout time (or payback time). This is the length of time required to receive accumulated net revenues equal to the investment. This indicator says nothing about the cash flow after the payback time and does not consider the total profitability of the investment opportunity. 

When we make a plot of Z versus 1/V, we expect that the value of Z = 1 when 1/y = 0 or at infinite volume. The first virial coefficient B T) is the slope of the line at 1/y = 0. B T) is usually negative at very low temperatures due to the attractive forces. But when the temperature increases, B T) will turn positive, and the temperature at which B becomes zero is called the Boyle temperature, since that is the temperature where Boyle s law applies exactly (at infinite volume). 

Dialysis units provided highly efficient means for increasing selectivity in a dynamic system by placement in front of a lithium-selective electrode constructed by incorporating 14-crown-4 ether 3-dodecyl-3 -methyl-1,5,8,12-tetraoxacyclotetradecane into a PVC membrane that was in turn positioned in a microconduit circuit by deposition on platinum, silver or copper wires. The circuit was used to analyse undiluted blood serum samples by flow injection analysis with the aid of an on-line coupled dialysis membrane. For this purpose, a volume of 200 pL of sample was injected into a de-ionized water carrier (donor) stream and a 7 mM tetraborate buffer of pH 9.2 was... 

In the H2 fundamental band of hydrogen gas of low pressure, both ternary moments, yj3> and y 3, are negative at low temperature, go through zero and turn positive at temperatures greater than 90 K. Figures 3.46 and 6.2 present these moments as functions of temperature [296], Moreover, the differences between data taken with differing para- to ortho-H2 concentrations are reasonably consistent (open and solid squares) the apparent differences at constant temperature are probably just an indication of the actual uncertainties of these difficult measurements. The variations of results obtained in other works [121, 175] with the same gas and at the same temperature, which the reader may discover in Table... 

Figures 3.46 (p. 126) and 6.2 show the measured three-body moments (squares, dots, etc.) as function of temperature. A visual average of the data presented is sketched (thin line). For comparison, the calculated theoretical predictions are also plotted (heavy curves). Both the measured and computed moments yn increase with increasing temperature. However, the measurements increase faster with temperature than the calculations. Moments are negative at low temperature measured moments turn positive at some intermediate temperature. Theory and measurements never coincide, the measured values always being greater if T > 50 K.

Moreover, the Poincare mappings of (3.14) at values of Pc) fixed by the existence of (5, 6) and I4 + L5 = 0 show the presence of classically chaotic motions with a bifurcation at E - 6900 cm-1 (see Fig. 6). At this bifurcation, the periodic orbit (5, 6) becomes unstable because one of its Lyapunov exponents turns positive, as shown in Fig. 7. The periodic orbit (6, 7) destabilizes by a similar scenario around E - 7200 cm-1. These results show that the interaction between the bending modes leads to classically chaotic behaviors that destabilize successively the periodic orbits. For the bulk peri-... 

Many early CVC programs were too short. Our findings show that the present value of the cumulative returns only turns positive, on average, in the seventh year. Provide a complementary role to venture capital firms, co-investing with them or investing in pooled/dedicated funds. 

Number of amino acids per helical turn (positive values refer to right-handed helices, whereas negative values refer to left-handed hehces)... 

Number of residues per turn, positive for right-handed and negative for left-handed helices. 

Berkessel et al. took a diversity-based approach to the discovery of functional models for GOase 42). Based on the known coordination pattern of the catalytically active copper ion (X-ray crystal structure of GOase from Dactylium dendroides, schematically in Scheme 12), the peptide/peptoid library 29 (Scheme 13) was designed. In this library, the Gly-D-Pro-turn positions the four amino acids X -X such that they can coordinate a copper ion. The four positions X X were occupied, in a combinatorial manner, by either histidine, tyrosine, the Cys22s-Tyr272-model mod-Cys (30), and in particular the TEMPO-derived amino acid TOAC (31) (Scheme 13). Thus, the TOAC-derived library comprised a total of 81 decapeptides, and it was synthesized... 

The AS term is typically unfavorable. In these cases, heating gradually increases the magnitude of the TDS term until that term overwhelms the AH term and AG turns positive. At that temperature, the polymer phase separates from solution. 

SRB is the number of days for SRB cultures isolated from samples to turn positive. 

As a result, the inner part of the rod does not need to be solved and remains mesh-free and information of the current densities is needed. This measure, in turn, positively affects the total number of elements. 

Regular, frequent (every 2 hours) turning, positioning, and range-of-motion exercises if bedridden... 

The standard molar enthalpies of transfer of ions from water into nonaqueous solvents. A,// (I, W -> S), at 25°C are shown in Table 4.3, adapted from the earlier report by Marcus [41 ] and from the more recent compilation by Hefter et al. [42], In addition to the solvents shown, there are data for only a few ions in other solvents liquid ammonia (at 240 K), NMPy, and pyridine, which were given fuU statistical weight in the critical compilation [41]. The transfer enthalpies of divalent cations into MeOH, EtOH, and DMSO have also been examined altically [41, 42], The enthalpies of transfer of small cations from water are negative but turn positive for the larger, hydrophobic cations. The transfer enthalpies from water of small anions are positive and turn negative as their size increases. These trends reflect the interactions more fully discussed in Section 4.3.2.1 [32]. 

The velocity form does not have to be initialized. Its output changes the position of a stepping motor or other integrating device that, in turn, positions the valve or set point. Because these algoriduns approximate the continuous ones, their performance deteriorates as die sampling period T increases. ... 

A photograph of a MEA 2 activated electrode after 1,500 cycles is illustrated in Fig. 6.8. The neighboring three electrodes are not activated. The activated electrode has a darker color due to the built oxide layer. The surface of the activated color is not uniformly colored. The periphery is darker while the middle is lighter. This corresponds to higher current levels resulting in more oxidation reactions and consequently more activation at the periphery compared to the center. As the electrode voltage turns positive enough to cause irreversible reactions, the surface Helmholtz capacitance breaks down. As a result, the structure resembles to a disk electrode in contact with a conductive solution. The outcome is the non-uniform electrode current distribution as illustrated previously in Fig. 4.2. 

IRR does have drawbacks. One disadvantage of using IRR is that it assumes all cash flows will be reinvested at the projects IRR (discount rate). In reality these rates fluctuate, especially with longer term projects. IRR can be modified to mitigate this shortfall. Modified internal rate of return (MIRR) assumes that all cash flows are reinvested at the company s cost of capital, which is a more realistic view. IRR has another drawback when cash flows turn positive and negative multiple times over the life of the project, as is the case for long-term projects, IRR does not provide an accurate picture. 

Feed intake increased steadily from 14.9 0.2 kg DM/d (wk 1 p.p.) to over 22 kg DM/d in wks 7-12 of period 1. NEB had a nadir in wk 1 p.p. with -46.1MJ NEL/d and cows covered only 70% of their energetic requirements by feed intake. EB turned positive in wk 9 p.p. over all cows and reached a level of 103% of the calculated demand before experimental period 2. During period 2 restricted cows had a mean DM1 of 10.3 kg/d and thereof covered 51% of their energy requirements, whereas control cows had a DM1 of 21.1 kg/d and an energy balance of 104%. In wk 1 of realimentation control cows still had a higher feed intake than restricted cows (20.4 vs. 18.7 kg DM/d F<0.01). EB for restricted cows turned positive again in wk 2 of realimentation and averaged 109% of the calculated demand until the end of the study (control cows 108%). 

There exists a link between developed and rural areas for biofuels production. Large-scale biofuels activities in developed countries may reduce the export of food products, pushing the prices of these goods up. This would in turn positively affect mral areas in developing countries benefitting of higher net surpluses in food... 

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