Analysis of Blood Serum

Quantitative infrared spectroscopic analysis can be carried out on blood serum to determine the relative amounts of lipid that are present. Triglycerides, phospholipids and cholesteryl esters are the classes of lipid which occur in blood serum. These compounds occur naturally in concentrations which make infrared analysis attractive, and the necessary preliminary separation is simple. These classes of compounds can be characterised using infrared spectroscopy by their carbonyl bands. The peak maxima are as follows  

However, the carbonyl peaks are heavily overlapped and are too close-together to allow analysis by using simultaneous equations, but a. 

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The UVV spectrum of 32a is pH dependent In the presence of Li+ ions the spectrum of 32b shows a specific shift that allows quantation, which is carried out at 490 nm, pH 13. Possible interference by traces of heavy and transition elements is masked witii [Mg-EDTA] added to the sample. The metiiod was tested for Li" " in seawater and deproteinized plasma. f Determinations of Li in drugs and blood serum are carried out at 601 nm in alkaline solution. Originally designed for colorimetric determination of thorium in trace amounts. Measurements of tile hthium complex can be carried out over a wide range of wavelengths Determination in pharmaceuticals at 468 nm, with linear range of 0.1 to 4.0 mg analysis of blood serum at... 

Apart from the analysis of blood serum and urine, there are different applications of trace element analysis by ICP-MS, for instance on milk samples.24-28... 

E. A. Hernandez-Caraballo and L. M. Marco-Parra, Direct analysis of blood serum by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and application of an artificial neural network approach for cancer diagnosis, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B, 58(12), 2003, 2205-2213. 

Conquer J.A., Martin, J.B., Tummon, I., Watson, L. and Tekpetey, F. (1999) Fatty acid analysis of blood serum, seminal plasma and spermatozoa of normozoospermic vs. astheno-zoospermic males. Lipids. 34 793-799. 

As discussed in Section 1C, samples are analyzed, but species or concentrations are determined. Hence, we can correctly discuss the determination of glucose in blood serum or the analysis of blood serum for glucose. 

Analysis of blood serum for levels (concentrations) of certain enzymes can provide a wealth of information about a patient s medical condition. Often, such tests are used to confirm a preliminary diagnosis based on the disease symptoms or clinical picture. 

Analysis of blood serum for unusually high levels of certain enzymes provides valuable information on a patient s condition. Such analysis is used to diagnose heart attack, liver disease, and pancreatitis. Enzymes are also used as analytical reagents, as in the blood urea nitrogen (BUN) test, and in the treatment of disease. 

McLeod, C.M., Worsfold, P.J., and Cox, A.C. (1984). Simultaneous multi-element analysis of blood serum by flow injection - inductively coupled plasma atomic-emission spectrometry... 

The first application of on-line dialysis to a flow system seems to be that made by Skeggs [ 1 ] in his pioneering work on segmented continuous flow analysis. The first report on using on-line dialysis in a non-segmented flow system was that made by Kadish and Hall [2], whereas Hansen and Ruzicka [3] were the first to report such applications in FIA. Despite its early implementation in HA, apyplications of on-line dialysis in this field have been rather few compared to other separation techniques, and mostly dedicated to the analysis of blood serum. This may be due to the fact that dialysis is a slow separation procedure compared to the speed of most FI procedures, and the dialysis efficiencies are usually quite low. 

De Wolfe M S, Baskurt S., and Cochrane W A (1967) Automatic amino acid analysis of blood serum and plasma Clm Biochem 1, 75-81... 

One of the FIA fluorimetric methods for clinical applications involves the reduction of the herbicide diquat using sodium dithionite in a stopped-flow modality the analyte yields a highly fluorescent product and it can be applied to the analysis of blood serum. Cysteine has also been determined through fluorescence quenching of a complex of Cu(II) with 5-(3-fluoro-4-chlorophenylazo)-8-benzenesulfon amidoquinoline. 

Like calcium, phosphorus is required for bone formation and a deficiency can also cause rickets or osteomalacia. Pica, or depraved appetite, has been noted in cattle when there is a deficiency of phosphorus in the diet the affected animals have abnormal appetites and chew wood, bones, rags and other foreign materials. Pica is not specifically a sign of phosphorus deficiency, since it may be caused by other factors. Evidence of phosphorus deficiency may be obtained from an analysis of blood serum, which shows a phosphorus content lower than normal. In chronic phosphorus deficiency, animals may have stiff Joints and muscular weakness. 

A brief review of filter paper electrophoresis has been published by Lederer (1951). Grassman and Hannig (1952) have recently published a detailed discussion of the method in its application to the electrophoretic analysis of blood serum. 

Correia DPA, Magalhaes JMCS, Machado AASC (2008) Array of potentiometric sensors for multicomponent analysis of blood serum. Microchim Acta 163(1-2) 131-137... 

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