Biosensors medical diagnostic application

Theoretical assessments of DNA-based computation by self-assembly indicate computation power far beyond that which has yet been experimentally implemented. Still, it remains to be seen if DNA computers will ever find a computational niche in which they can efficiently compete with electronic computers. One realm in which algorithmic DNA self-assembly appears to provide very great promise is in the nanofabrication of specific aperiodic structures for templating of nanoelectronics devices. Such nanopatterned materials could be used not only for communications and computational devices but also for sensors, biosensors, medical diagnostics, and molecular robotics applications. 

Future development of affinity biosensors based on spectroscopy of guided waves will be driven by the needs of the consumer. These biosensor technologies hold potential to benefit important fields including pharmaceutical research, medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and security. Applications in these areas will challenge research and development in the field. 

The basic characteristics of chemical sensors and biosensors—including high specificity and sensitivity, portability, real time output, cost effectiveness, and user friendliness—make them applicable to virtually every major product market. The immediate market targets for these sensors are in medical diagnostics, detection and alarm systems, environmental monitoring, and food processing. Future markets include application of chemical sensors and... 

Test and measurement sensors, pressure transducers, torque sensors, instrumentation, accelerometers, and displacement sensors An extensive array of instruments and systems for applications ranging from automotive R D, process and environmental monitoring, in vitro medical diagnostics Surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the determination of the affinity and kinetics of biomolecular interactions... 

Chung J, Kim S, Bernhardt R, Pyun J. Application of SPR biosensor for medical diagnostics of human hepatitis b virus (hHBV). Sens Actuators B Chem 2005 lll-112 416-22. 

Finally, microfluidics is an important alternative approach to surface patterning, with reduced costs and simple manufacturing procedures. In this case, the surface design depends upon the manipulation and spatial control of the biomolecule through limitation of the accessible surface of the substrate by the creation of microchannels. Medical diagnostics and biosensors are two important application areas for microfluidic technology. Moreover, microfluidics has permitted the development of POC systems and applications (Hook et al, 2009 Rivet et al, 2010 Zhang and Han, 2010). 

Nanostructured electrode arrays and nanomaterial-based labeling strategies have resulted in ultrasensitive devices for measuring clinically relevant biomolecules. Due to their small size, electrocatalytic properties, compatibility with microfluidics, and ability to be functionalized with biomolecules, nanomaterial-derived electrochemical biosensor arrays have shown promise in applications that require the simultaneous detection of multiple biomolecules. As personalized medicine and future medical diagnostics require the development of small, sensitive, versatile, low-cost, and energy-efficient devices for multiplexed detection of biomolecules from complex samples, nanomaterial-based bioelectrochemistry is poised to address the rigorous demands of biosensor development. 

Another important application area of SPR biosensors is rapid detection of chemical and biological analytes related to important fields such as medical diagnostics (e.g., biomarkets and hormones), food control (e.g., pathogens and toxins), or environmental monitoring (e.g., pollutants). In these... 

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