Biosensor applications

Vol. 148. Commercial Biosensors Applications to Clinical, Bioprocess and Environmental Samples. Edited by Graham Ramsay... 

Yano, K. and Karube, I., Molecularly imprinted polymers for biosensor applications. Trends Anal. Chem., 18, 199, 1999. 

Chaki NK, Vijayamohanan K. 2002. Self-assembled monolayers as a tunable platform for biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron 17 1-12. 

DNA-Modified Electrodes. Molecular Recognition of DNA and Biosensor Applications... 

The initial hurdle to overcome in the biosensor application of a nucleic acid is that involving its stable attachment on a transducing element which commonly includes a metallic electrode. In the first part of this chapter, we wish to introduce our approach for DNA immobilization (Scheme 1). A detailed characterization of the immobilization chemistry is also presented. In the second part, we follow the development of work from our laboratory on chemical sensor applications of the DNA-modified electrode involving a biosensor for DNA-binding molecules and an electrochemical gene sensor. 

With regard to biosensor applications, a wide variety of electrochemically active species (ferrocene, ruthenium complexes, or carbon and metal (Pt, Pd, Au...) [185,186] were also introduced into the sol-gel matrices or adsorbed to improve the electron transfer from the biomolecules to the conductive support [187,188]. For instance, glucose oxidase has been trapped in organically modified sol-gel chitosan composite with adsorbed ferrocene to construct a low-cost biosensor exhibiting high sensitivity and good stability [189]. 

TYPE OF CATALYZED REACTION BIOSENSOR APPLICATION EXAMPLES ... 

A. Sadana and T. Vo-Dinh, Single- and dual-fractal analysis of hybridization binding kinetics biosensor application. Biotechnol. Prog. 14, 782-790 (1998). 

N.A. Chaniotakis, Enzyme stabilization strategies based on electrolytes and polyelectrolytes for biosensor applications. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 378, 89-95 (2002). 

J.G. Zhao, J.R O Daly, R.W. Henkens, J. Stonehuemer, and A.L. Crumbliss, Axanthine oxidase/colloi-dal gold enzyme electrode for amperometric biosensor applications. Biosens. Bioelectron. 11, 493—502 (1996). 

Prieto, F. Sepulveda, B. Calle, A. Llobera, A. Dominguez, C. Abad, A. Montoya, A. Lechuga, L. M., An integrated optical interferometric nanodevice based on silicon technology for biosensor applications, Nanotechnology 2003, 14, 907 912... 

Anzai, J. I. and Osa, T., Avidin-Biotin Supramolecular Complexation for Biosensor Application, JAI Press Inc., Greenwich, Connecticut, 1997, p. 143. 

Pu KY, Liu B (2010) Fluorescence reporting based on FRET between conjugated polyelectrolyte and organic dye for biosensor applications. In Demchenko AP (ed) Advanced fluorescence reporters in chemistry and biology. II. Springer Ser Fluoresc 8 417 -53... 

Kim I-B, Dunkhorst A, Bunz UHF (2005) Nonspecific interactions of a carboxylated-substituted PPE with proteins. A cautionary tale for biosensor applications. Langmuir 21 7985-7989... 

Fluorescence Reporting Based on FRET Between Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Organic Dye for Biosensor Applications... 

Pu KY, Liu B (2009) Optimizing the cationic conjugated polymer-sensitized fluorescent signal of dye labeled oligonucleotide for biosensor applications. Biosens Bioelectron... 

Luo XL, Xu JJ, Wang JL, Chen HY (2005). Electrochemically deposited nanocomposite of chi-tosan and carbon nanotubes for biosensor application. Chem. Commun. 16 2169-2171. 

W. G. Miller and F. P. Anderson, Antibody properties for chemically reversible biosensor applications, Anal. Chim. Acta 227, 135-143 (1989). 

F. Prieto, B. Sepulveda, A. Calle, A. Llobera, C. Dominguez and L.M. Lechuga, Integrated Mach-Zehnder Interferometer based on ARROW stmctures for biosensor applications. Sensors and Actuators B 92, 151-158 (2003). 

The lure of new physical phenomena and new patterns of chemical reactivity has driven a tremendous surge in the study of nanoscale materials. This activity spans many areas of chemistry. In the specific field of electrochemistry, much of the activity has focused on several areas (a) electrocatalysis with nanoparticles (NPs) of metals supported on various substrates, for example, fuel-cell catalysts comprising Pt or Ag NPs supported on carbon [1,2], (b) the fundamental electrochemical behavior of NPs of noble metals, for example, quantized double-layer charging of thiol-capped Au NPs [3-5], (c) the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical behavior of semiconductor NPs [4, 6-8], and (d) biosensor applications of nanoparticles [9, 10]. These topics have received much attention, and relatively recent reviews of these areas are cited. Considerably less has been reported on the fundamental electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs that do not fall within these categories. In particular, work is only beginning in the area of the electrochemistry of discrete, electroactive NPs. That is the topic of this review, which discusses the synthesis, interfacial immobilization and electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. The review is not intended to be an exhaustive treatment of the area, but rather to give a flavor of the types of systems that have been examined and the types of phenomena that can influence the electrochemical behavior of electroactive NPs. 

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