Affinity-based biosensors

Scarano S, Mascini M, Turner APF, Minunni M (2010) Surface plasmon resonance imaging for affinity-based biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 25 957-966... 

Rogers KR (2000) Principles of affinity-based biosensors. Mol Biotechnol 14(2) 109-129... 

Andersson K, Hamalamen M, Malmqvist M (1999) Identification and optimization of regeneration conditions for affinity-based biosensor assays. A multivariate cocktail approach. Anal Chem 71 2475-2481... 

A biosensor is a device that combines a biological component a recognition layer) and a physico-chemical detector component (a transducer). The transduction unit can be electrochemical, optical, piezoelectric, magnetic, or calorimetric (1). Two groups of recognition molecules form the majority of biosensors affinity-based and catalytic-based biosensors. Affinity-based biosensors are used to bind molecular species of interest, irreversibly and noncatalytically. Examples include antibodies, nucleic acids, and... 

Rogers K. R., Principles of affinity-based biosensors, in Biosensors Techniques and Protocols, ed. K. Rogers and A. Mulchandani (Totowa, NJ Human Press, 1998) Meth. Biotechnol., 7, 3-18, 1998. 

Scientific instruments that employ affinity-based biosensor technology... 

Amperometric or voltammetric biosensors typically rely on an enzyme system that catalyt-ically converts electrochemically non-active analytes into products that can be oxidized or reduced at a working electrode. Although these devices are the most commonly reported class of biosensors, they tend to have a small dynamic range due to saturation kinetics of the enzyme, and a large overpotential is required for oxidation of the analyte this may lead to oxidation of interfering compounds as well (e.g., ascorbate in the detection of hydrogen peroxide). In addition to the use in enzyme-based biosensors, amperometric transducers have also been used to measure enzyme-labelled tracers for affinity-based biosensor (mainly immunosensors and genosensors). Enzymes which are commonly used for this purpose include horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [17] and alkaline phosphatase (AP) [18,19,21]. 

Genosensors [deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-based biosensors], immunosensors, cytosensors, and aptamer-based biosensors (aptasensors) are types of affinity-based biosensors. 

Considering the integration of affinity-based biosensors to microfluidic platforms, it can be said that higher sensitivity is achieved due to faster analysis time and efficient collection of electroactive species because of improved transport provided by microfluidics (Hervas et al., 2012 Ben-Yoav et al., 2012 Zuzuarregui et al., 2015). 

Biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) based on siuTace plasmon resonance (SPR) is a popular affinity-based biosensor technology optimized for monitoring interactions between biomolecules in real time. BIA is an important analytical technique for the study of DNA-binding proteins and, therefore, the topic of a separate chapter of this book. This chapter discusses why and how BIA has been combined with MS, and the benefits and problems of this analytical union. 

---