Surface patterning

Many solids have foreign atoms or molecular groupings on their surfaces that are so tightly held that they do not really enter into adsorption-desorption equilibrium and so can be regarded as part of the surface structure. The partial surface oxidation of carbon blacks has been mentioned as having an important influence on their adsorptive behavior (Section X-3A) depending on conditions, the oxidized surface may be acidic or basic (see Ref. 61), and the surface pattern of the carbon rings may be affected [62]. As one other example, the chemical nature of the acidic sites of silica-alumina catalysts has been a subject of much discussion. The main question has been whether the sites represented Brpnsted (proton donor) or Lewis (electron-acceptor) acids. Hall... 

There are various WT and FT boiler economizer designs, classified as either steaming economizer and nonsteaming economizer types according to thermal performance. These economizers are constructed in either bare tube or finned tube (extended surface) patterns. They may be positioned horizontally or vertically within the boiler system, in either cross-flow or counterflow arrangements. 

Fig. 3.15 Examples of ultrahydrophobic surfaces. Lithographically etched silicon surface patterned with 30 pm tall cubic micro-posts. Reprinted from Ou et i. (2004) with permission...

Boker A., Muller A.H.E., and Krausch G., Functional ABC triblock copolymers for controlled surface patterns of nanometer scale, Polym. Mater. Sci. Eng., 84, 312, 2001. 

In addition to the self-spreading lipid bilayer, it was also found that a lipid mono-layer showed similar spreading behavior on a hydrophobic surface (Figure 13.6) [51]. By fabricating an appropriate hydrophobic surface pattern, the spreading area and direction can be easily controlled. For both the self-spreading bilayer and monolayer, non-biased molecular transportation is an important key concept for the next generation of microfiuidic devices. 

The present technique enables light-induced redox reaction UV light-induced oxidative dissolution and visible light-induced reductive deposition of silver nanoparticles. Reversible control of the particle size is therefore possible in principle. The reversible redox process can be applied to surface patterning and a photoelectrochemical actuator, besides the multicolor photochromism. 

The present photoelectrochemical deposition/dissolution method is applicable to reversible control of the particle size. A typical application taking advantage of the method is the multicolor photochromism. Additional applications include surface patterning and photoelectrochemical actuator. The patterning is possible by using a thiol-modified silver... 

The autocatalytic reaction mechanism apparent at low temperatures is expected to apply to catalytic hydrogen oxidation at high pressures. In addition, the above study is the first to use STM to observe the formation of dynamic surface patterns at the mesoscopic level, which had previously been observed by other imaging techniques in surface reactions with nonlinear kinetics [57]. This study illustrates the ability of in situ STM to visualize reaction intermediates and to reveal the reaction pathway with atomic resolution. 

Franklin and Bradley, by means of electron microscopy of carbon replicas, reported that the spores of a majority of species of Bacillus and Clostridium are readily distinguished by surface patterns. The surfaces may be smooth or ribbed, with the ribs usually longitudinal. 

Coffman, E.A., Melechko, A.V., Allison, D.P., Simpson, M.L. and Doktycz, M.J. (2004) Surface patterning of silica nanostructures using bio-inspired templates and directed synthesis. Langmuir, 20,8431— 8436. 

Huang, C. Lu, N. Chi, L. 2007. Surface patterning approaches based on Langmuir-Blodgett technique. Huaxue Jinzhan 19 852-859. 

In the system where two pairs of rollers are used the first pair dockers the dough, pins the dough to the cutting web and prints any surface pattern or writing. The second pair of rollers cuts out the biscuits leaving the usual pattern of scrap dough. Thus there is a choice between a cheaper solution that sometimes works and a more expensive solution that will work under a wider range of conditions. 

Schneider TW, SchesslerHM, Shaffer KM, Dumm JM, Younce LA (2001) Surface patterning and adhesion of neuroblastoma X glioma (NG108-15) cells. Biomed Microdev 3 4 315... 

Horvath, R. Cottier, K., Imageless microscopy of surface patterns using optical waveguides, Appl. Phys. B 2008, 91, 319 327... 

Although surface defect sites are involved in the initiation of pores they do not determine the density and dimension of the pores in the bulk PS. The bulk morphology of PS is determined by the property of semiconductors and anodization conditions. However, under certain conditions, such as using surface patterning to generate initiation sites, the bulk PS morphology can be controlled to some extent. 

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