Ethanol production from biomass

Eig. 15. Eurfural, phenols, and ethanol production from wood in a multiproduct process biomass chemical plant (52). Wood (qv) is ca 50% cellulose (qv),... 

Kemppainen, A.J. Shonnard, D.R. (2005) Comparative Life-Cycle Assessments for Biomass-to-Ethanol Production from Different Regional Feedstocks. Biotechnology Progress, 21(4), 1075-1084. 

Such intensive use of land will make very large demands on available water supplies and soil corrosion is also an important issue. There is even a debate over the overall reduction in fossil energy use and actual contribution to C02 abatement for the case of ethanol production from com [9]. Since waste arises from biomass or fossil fuel, to introduce waste products in the conversion scheme, which of course should be done, does not help in the overall scheme we discuss here. This is bom out by economic predictions (Table 1.2). 

Fermentation is the anaerobic decomposition of organic compounds, basically carbohydrate, into alcohols by the action of bacterial enzymes. Ethanol is the desired product of carbohydrate fermentation, but other alcohols, acids, ketones, and aldehydes can form as by-products. One common example of ethanol production from biomass is the fermentation of com. For illustration, this process will be summarized. 

Ethanol production from ligno-cellulosic biomass... 

Ethanol Production from Biomass with Emphasis on Corn , College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, September 1979. 

Mielenz,). R., Ethanol production from biomass, Curr. Opin. Microbiol.,... 

R., Lee, Y., Holzapple, M., Ladisch, M., Features of promising technologies for pretteatment of lignocellulosic biomass, Bioresource Technol., 96, 673-686, 2005 Rabinovitch. M. L., Ethanol production from material containing cellulose the potential of Russian R D, Appl. Biochem. Microbiol, 42, 1,1-26, 2006... 

Lee, H.J., Kim, S.I., and Mok, Y.I., Biomass and ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke, in Alternative Sources of Energy for Agriculture Proceedings of the International Symposium, September 4-7, 1984, Taiwan Sugar Research Institute, Tainan, Taiwan, 1985, pp. 309-319. 

Wieczorek, A. and Kosaric, N., Analysis of ethanol production from Jerusalem artichoke in a farm-scale operation, in Energy from Biomass and Wastes VIII, Proceedings of Symposium, Institute of Gas and Technology, Lake Buena Vista, FL, 1984, pp. 1113-1130. 

If organisms could be found or metabolically engineered that efficiently ferment both the pentoses and hexoses under practical conditions at high yields and short residence times, fermentation ethanol technology would then have reached another plateau with low-cost lignocellulosic feedstocks. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation or separate saccharification and fermentation of essentially all the sugars that make up the polysaccharides would each be able to approach the theoretical limit of fermentation ethanol production from the polysaccharides in low-cost lignocellulosic biomass. 

For both the cases of methanol production and the use of vehicle-mounted gasifiers, additional investments will be associated with facilities and equipment for harvesting and transport of the biomass to the conversion sites. In the case of ethanol production from currently produced sugar cane juice or molasses, the conversion facilities would be constructed adjacent to sugar mills that already are receiving the biomass raw material. Thus, additional investments for harvesting and transport equipment would not be required. 

Ingram, L.O. Lai, X. Moniruzzaman, M. Wood, B.E. York, S.W. Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulose using genetically engineered bacteria. In Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, American Chemical Society Symposium Series Saha, B.C., Woodward, J.E., Eds. American Chemical Society Press Washington, DC, 1997 Vol. 666, 57-73. 

Little attention has been focused on the fermentation of L-arabinose to ethanol. Recently, McMillan and Boynton [100] evaluated eight fungal and six yeast strains for ethanol production from arabinose under oxygen-limited conditions. None of the strains tested produced ethanol from arabinose. They utihz-ed arabinose for cell biomass and L-arabitol production. 

Ethanol Production from com Production from woody biomass Production from herbaceous biomass... 

Bioethanol produced from biomass resources by fermentation is the most promising biofuel and the starting material of various chemicals. Starch is a cheap, clean, nontoxic, renewable Ccirbon source for bioethanol production [1]. In the process currently employed for industrial-scale ethanol production from starchy materials, starch is first hydrolyzed by adding a liquefying enzyme, a-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), to avoid gelatinization and then... 

Perspectiyes on the Economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Biomass... 

Mielenz, J. (2001) Ethanol production from biomass technology and commercialization status. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 4,324-329. 

Wyman CE. (1995). Economic fundamentals of ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. In Saddler JN, Penner MH, editors. Enzymatic, Degradation of Insoluble Carbohydrates. Washington, DC American Chemical Society, pp. 272-290. 

Matano Y, Hasunuma T, Kondo A. (2012). Display of cellulases on the cell surface of Sac-charomyces cerevisiae for high yield ethanol production from high-solid hgnocellulosic biomass. Bioresour Technol, 108, 128-133. 

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