Biomass chemicals from

Chemicals from biomass is a practice that is far from new as it was more the norm than the exception before the twentieth century although the quest for hydrocarbons is a more recent consequence of the fossil feedstock debate. The premise for producing hydrocarbons has been documented abundantly the practical implementation has been lagging however [2,3, 

Another challenge, beyond the thermodynamic one, is that the adoption of chemicals from biomass, whether produced intentionally or as by-products, is strongly connected to the 

C4 Succinic acid Fumaric acid Malic acid Furan 

C5 Xylitol Furfural Itaconic acid Fevulinic acid 

C6 Sorbitol Citric acid Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid 

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R. A. Young, in R. RoweU, T. Schultz, and R. Narayan, eds.. Emerging Technologies for Materials and Chemicals from Biomass, ACS Symposium Series, no. 476, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C., 1992, p. 115. 

There are many different routes to organic chemicals from biomass because of its high polysaccharide content and reactivity. The practical value of the conversion processes selected for commercial use with biomass will depend strongly on the availabiUty and price of the same chemicals produced from petroleum and natural gas. 

N. S. Thompson, iu I. S. Goldsteiu ed.. Organic Chemicals from Biomass, CRC press, Boca Raton, Ela., 1981. 

R. A. Northey, Emerging Technology of Materials and Chemicals from Biomass, ACS Symposium Series 476, Washington, D.C., 1992. 

H. Danner and R. Braun, Biotechnology for the Production of Commodity Chemicals from Biomass , Chem. Soc. Rev., 1999, 28, 395. 

Werpy, T. Peterson, G. (eds) (2004) Top Value-Added Chemicals from Biomass, Vol. 1. Results of Screening of Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and National Renewable Energy Laboratory, US, August 2004. 

I. T. A. Werpy, G. Peterson, A. Aden, J. Bozell, J. E. Holladay, J. F. White and A. Manheim, Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass United States Department of Energy report number DOE/GO-102004-1992. 

Figure 1 A biorefineiy produces fuels and chemicals from biomass one embodiment today is the com wet mill...

Clark J.H. and Deswarte F. (eds.) (2008) Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass, John Wiley Sons, Ltd., Chichester. 

T. Werpy, G. Peterson et al., Top Value Added Chemicals from Biomass, NREL Report, 2004. 

Chemicals from biomass Optimized combination of biotechnology processes with classical and new (bio)catalytic processes to produce, at low cost, new monomers... 

Klass, D. H. Organic commodity chemicals from biomass, in Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals, Acad. Press, San Diego, 1998, pp. 495-546. 

For an informative review, see Zeng, A. N. Biebl, H. Bulk chemicals from biomass Ease of 1,3-propanediol production and new trends, Adv. Biochem. Eng./Biotechn., 2002, 74, 239-259. 

A biorefinery is a facility that integrates biomass conversion processes and eqtrip-ment to produce fuels, power, and value-added chemicals from biomass. Biorefinery is the co-production of a spectram of bio-based products and energy from biomass. The biorefinery concept is analogous to today s crude oil refinery. Biorefinery is a relatively new term referring to the conversion of biomass feedstock into a host of valuable chemicals and energy with minimal waste and emissions. 

Narayan R (1992) Emerging technologies for materials and chemicals from biomass. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC... 

Heterogeneous catalysis for production of value-added chemicals from biomass... 

There are many ways in which biomass can be envisaged to become an increasingly important feedstock for the chemical industry, and this has already been the topic of numerous studies. The most comprehensive study was published recently by Corma et al ° and it contains a very detailed review of possible routes to produce chemicals from biomass. 

Catalytic hydrogenation represents a set of reactions that will be extremely important in the production of value-added chemicals from biomass. Already now, they play a significant role in today s industry, and holds great promise for further developments. Here, selected examples of heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogenations of chemicals available from renewables resources are presented. 

Top Value Added Chemicals From Biomass—Results of Screening for Potential Candidates from Sugars and Synthesis Gas, eds. T. Werpy and G. Petersen, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, TN, August 2004, vol. 1 available at WWW.eere.energy.gov/biomass/pdfs/3 5 523. pdf. 

Saha, W.C, J. Woodward, and B.C. Saha Fuels and Chemicals from Biomass, Vol. 

Danner, H. and Braun, R., Biotechnology for the production of commodity chemicals from biomass, Chem. 

Rhenium-catalyzed deoxygenation reactions, on the other hand, can be divided in two topics deoxydehydration and dehydration. These reactions have mostly been applied on biomass-derived substrates such as sugar alcohols and polyols. This procedure lowers the high 0 C ratio present in biomass and as such is of particular interest for the production of both fuels and chemicals from biomass. 

Werpy T, Peterson G (2004) Top value added chemicals from biomass, vol 1 - Results of screening for potential candidates from sugars and synthesis gas. US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge... 

Introduction to Chemicals from Biomass Edited by James Clark and Fabien Deswarte 2008 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. ISBN 978-0-470-05805-3... 

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