Benzoic acid balsam Peru

Wound Balsam Peru/cinnamic acid and benzoic... 

Vanillin has a low potential for acute and chronic toxicity , Vanillin is known to cause allergic reactions in people previously sensitized to balsam of Peru, benzoic acid, orange peel, cinnamon, and clove, but vanillin itself is not an allergic sensitizer. Vanillin has been reported to be a bioanhmutagen, demonstrating the ability to protect against mutagenic effects by enhancement of an erroi-fiee post-replication repair pathway. 

Vanillin is known to cause allergic reactions in people previously sensitized to balsam of Peru, benzoic acid, orange peel, cinnamon, and dove, but vanillin itself is not an allergic sensitizer. 

Benzyl Alcohol.—The simplest aromatic alcohol is the hydroxyl derivative of toluene and is known as benzyl alcohol, CeHs—CH2—OH. The radical, (CeHs—CH2—), is termed benzyl as in the alcohol and chloride above. The alcohol occurs as an ester in Peru balsam, in storax, a resin obtained from a plant sty rax, and in Tolu balsam from which the mother hydrocarbon toluene derives its name. On hydrolysis of the balsam benzyl alcohol is obtained. It is a liquid, b.p. 206.5°, slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol or ether. It may be prepared by those syntheses just given which yield primary alcohols. It may also be prepared by the reduction of the corresponding aldehyde, known as benzoic aldehyde or benzaldehyde (p. 655). On oxidation it yields the aldehyde and then an acid, benzoic acid. 

Occurrence.—Benzoic acid is a naturally occurring substance being found both free and as esters in gum benzoin Peru and Tolu balsams huckleberries, the flower, dragon s blood, etc. It also occurs in combina-... 

Which of the two is the cis form and which the trans form has not been determined. A third cinnamic acid, viz., iso-cinnamic acid, is also known, but the constitution of it has not been established. Cinnamic acid is found in nature in the resin storax both as the free acid and as the cinnamic alcohol ester, styrin. It is also found in Peru and Tolu balsams as the free acid and as the benzyl alcohol ester, the benzoic acid ester of benzyl alcohol being present also. Thus benzyl alcohol, benzoic acid, cinnamic alcohol and cinnamic acid are all constituents of esters present in these plant resins. Allo-cinnamic acid, the geometric isomer, is obtained from coca leaves from which the alkaloid cocaine is also obtained (p. 896). When cinnamic acid is heated with lime it loses carbon dioxide and yields the unsaturated side-chain hydrocarbon st3rrene, or phenyl ethylene, CeHs—CH = CH2. On reduction it yields first cinnamic aldehyde, found in oil of cinnamon (p. 842) and then cinnamic alcohol. Both cinnamic acid and allo-cinnamic acid yield anhydrides. 

Benzyl Alcohol, NF. Ben/yl alcohol (phenylcarbinol. phenylmethanol) occurs naturally as the unesteriried form in oil of jasmine and in esters of acetic, cinnamic, and benzoic acids in gum benzoin,. storax re.sin. Peru balsam, tolu balsam, and some volatile oils. It is. soluble in water and alcohol and is a clear liquid with an aromatic odor. 

Benzoic Add, USP. Benzoic acid and its esters occur naturally in gum benzoin and in Peru and tolu balsam.s. It is found as a white crystalline solid that slowly sublimes at room temperature and is steam distillable. It is slightly soluble in water (0.3%) but more. soluble in alcohol and in other polar organic. solvents. It has a pK of 4.2. Benzoic acid is used externally as an antiseptic in lotions, ointment.s. and mouthwashes. It is mure effective as a preservative in foods and pharmaceutical products at low pH (Ic.ss than the pK ). When used as a preservative in emulsions, its effectiveness depends on both pH and distribution into the two pha.scs. ... 

Balsam Peru. Peruvian balsam Indian balsam China oil Black balsam Honduras balsam Surinam balsam. From Toluifera pereirae (Klotzsch) Bail]. (Myroxylon perei-rae Klotzsch), Leguminosae. Habit. Central America (San Salvador) in forests near Pacific coast. Constit 50-60% cinnamein —esters of cinnamic and benzoic acid about 28% resin, styracine, vanillin Ref Bergemann, Pharmazie 5, 494 (1950) Cortesi, Bull Soc. Pharm. Bordeaux 89, 141 (1951). C.A. 46, 1718b (1952). 

Balsam Tolu. Thomas balsam opobalsam resin Tolu. Ftom Toluifera balsamum L. (Myroxylon tolulferum H. B. K ), Leguminosae. Habit. South America (Venezuela, Colomhia, Peru) on elevated plains and mountains. Constit. 12-15% free cinnamic and benzoic acids about 40% benzyl, etc., estets of these acids (5.2-13.4% cinnamein) 1.5-3% volatile oil. Ref Rosenthaler, Pharm. Ztg-Nachr. 88, 716 (1952). C.A. 47, 5076 (1953). 

Benzyl Alcohol, C6H5CH2OH, occurs in the balsam of Peru in the free condition, and in combination as the esters of benzoic acid and cinnamic acid. It is also present in small quantity in the volatile oil of cherry-laurel. The alcohol is a liquid, which possesses a faint odor, is difficultly soluble in water, and boils at 206 . 

Benzoic Acid, CeHs.COOH, occurs in gum-benzoin, in many resins, in the balsams of Peru and Tolu, in cranberries, in coal-tar, and in combination with glycine as hippuric acid in the urine of herbivorous animals. It may be made by the general synthetic methods which have been described. It is prepared for use in pharmacy bysublimination from gum-benzoin. It is manufactured on the large scale from toluene, and is a by-product in the preparation of benzaldehyde. Toluene is converted by direct oxidation into benzoic acid. As benzyl chloride, C6H5.CH2CI, is more readily oxidized than toluene, the latter is first treated with chlorine, and then heated with dilute nitric acid. It has been shown recently that if a mixture of air and the vapor of toluene is passed over vanadium oxide at about 400° the hydrocarbon is oxidized to benzoic acid. 

Ammonium alum Balsam Peru (Myroxylon pereirae) Sodium percarbonate antiseptic, mild pharmaceuticals Sodium salicylate antiseptic, mild sunscreen lotions Sodium salicylate antiseptic, mucosa Sodium iodate antiseptic, oral care Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil antiseptic, oral pharmaceuticals Terpene resin antiseptic, oral rinses Eucalyptol Salicylic acid antiseptic, pharmaceutical ointments Tea tree (Melaleuca altemifolia) oil antiseptic, pharmaceutical topicals Didecyidimonium chloride antiseptic, pharmaceuticals Benzoic acid Bismuth subgallate Cetalkonium chloride Cetylpyridinium chloride Ethyl ether Eugenol Gum benzoin Peracetic acid Thymol 3,4,4 -Trichlorocarbanilide Urea... 

Benzoic acid is used as a typical preservative in cosmetics and other topical preparations (concentration 0.1-0.2%). It is a constituent of Balsam of Peru and Balsam of Tolu. Allergic contact dermatitis (cheilitis) was reported from a toothpaste (Aguirre and Izu 1993). 

Its suave odor makes Peru balsam oil a very versatile perfume material that can be incorporated in almost any type of perfume base. Consists of esters of cinnamic and benzoic acid, vanillin, styracin (Indian balsam, China oil. Black balsam, Honduras balsam, Surinam balsam)... 

ALT AND AST. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase are enzymes located in liver cells that leak out into the general circulation when liver cells are injured. Previously known as the SGPT (serum glutamic-pymvic transaminase) and the SCOT (serum glutaic-oxaloacetic transaminase), respectively ATPASE. Adenosine triphosphatase BALSAMS. Mixtures of resins that contain relatively large amounts of cinnamic or benzoic acid or their esters. Typical balsams are balsam Peru, balsam Tolu, styrax, and benzoin. Canada balsam, Oregon balsam, and copaiba balsam are not true balsams since they do not contain benzoic or cinnamic acid or their esters. Balsams are insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol... 

---