Behavioral safety naming

We call our approach to behavioral safety the values-based safety process. As you will design a process that meets the needs of your organization, your team may want to find a name that fits your organization s new process. Companies have called their safety improvement efforts the employee safety process (ESP), the safe acts process, the positive safety process, the continuous incident prevention process, and a variety of others. (See the discussion on the contest to name the behavioral safety process in Chapter 23 for suggestions on involving employees in selecting a name.)... 

Before a drug may be tested on humans, it must first be tested on animals. Tests on humans are called clinical trials, and animal trials are often referred to as preclinical trials. Preclinical trials differ from the animal tests mentioned earlier in this chapter. The previously discussed animal tests help the drug discovery team determine and optimize the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic behavior of a hit or lead. Preclinical trials, in contrast, are standardized, industrywide tests. The preclinical tests have technical names such as Segment II Reproductive Study in Rabbits or 6-Month Toxicity Study in Rats. The specific names suggest the exact nature of each study. Each trial seeks to answer predefined safety questions concerning a drug candidate. Preclinical trials do not address the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug candidate in any way. Preclinical trials examine exclusively safety issues. 

This is of extreme importance, not only due to unsustainable behavior patterns such as the market pull for larger vehicles with greater performance and more features, e.g., so-called sport utility vehicles (SUVs), but also in result of increased energy consumption of on board applications not directly related to vehicle displacement, namely safety and comfort.. 

If a complete cell is charged to, e.g., 4.1 V, then the potential Z carbon of the fully lithiated negative electrode will be about 0.1 V vs. Li/Li+. Therefore, the potential Eoxiie of the fully charged positive electrode in this example will be 4.2 V vs. Li/Li+. Needless to say that this trivial relationship must be remembered when data for half cells (vs. metallic lithium) are compared to the data for complete cells. An important consequence of this trivial relationship is the potential excursion of the counterelectrode in the case of an anomalous behavior of the carbon electrode (and vice versa). Imagine that, in the previous example the potential of the carbon would shift to 0.3 V vs. Li/Li+ due to a malfunction of the carbon electrode. If the end-of-charge voltage of the complete cell would be the same, namely 4.1V, then the potential of the positive electrode would be 4.4 V vs. Li/Li+. In such a case, the safety of the entire cell could be compromised. 

Level 1 Chemistry and Thermodynamics. This level deals with the analysis of the fundamental knowledge needed for performing the conceptual process design. A detailed description of chemistry is essential for designing the chemical reactor, as well as for handling safety and environmental issues. Here, the constraints set by chemical equilibrium or by chemical kinetics are identified. The nonideal behavior of key mixtures is analyzed in view of separation, namely by distillation. 

An example of an interphase is the well-known and explored electrical double layer. Another example is the passivating layer between electrode and electrolyte solutions. Such a layer on Li electrodes, which arises from the reductive decompositions of a small amount of the electrolyte solutions, was named SEI (solid electrolyte interphase). SEI is a crucial factor in the performance of Li-ion batteries since its nature and behavior affect Li-ion battery cycle-life, life time, power capability, and safety. Li electrodes (and Li-C electrodes as well) develop a classical interphase between them and all the relevant polar aprotic electrolyte solutions. All... 

An AFV program must be viewed as a system in order to succeed. Equal attention must be paid to the development and deployment of the vehicles, production and distribution of the fuel, and consideration for customer demands, whether they be range, behavioral changes, secondary markets, or safety, to name a few. 

Organizational behavior is the quality of the safety management system, namely, system files and their implementation status which run a direct result of habitual behavior of the members of the organization. The run behavior of organizational behavior is the root cause of the accident. From the point of view of the coal mine roof accident, organizational behavior errors include two aspects, one is roof safety procedures are not perfect, the other is a point of order problems in the implementation process. 

I have some rather serious concerns that many of the products and services being marketed under the name of behavior-based safety are not truly behavior-based, as in behavior analysis. My concern is that a lot of what... 

I see going on in the name of behavior-based safety is not trne behavior analysis, bnt what I call a watered-down variety of it [p. 287],... 

Another aspect of safety related to human behavior is job stress. Physical disorders that stem from behavioral problems, such as anxiety, fear, and other forms of psychological stress have the name psychosomatic disorders. The psychological conditions manifest themselves in physical disorders of various kinds. 

There are a wide variety of theories and techniques under the name of behavior-based safety. Many of these approaches are not based on sound research or experience. On the other hand, this is not intended to imply there is only one correct way to implement and... 

To satisfy the above requirements, a computer code system named JACS has been developed in Japan, in. which neutron transport calculations are performed with the Monte Carlo code KENO-IV (Ref. 1) and a modified KENO-IV code MULTI-KENO, S, codes ANISN-JR (Ref. 2) and DOT3.5 (Ref. 3), or the diffusion code FEDM (Ref. 4X with the finite element method. The Monte Carlo code is a powerful tool for criticality safety evaluation. For the Monte Carlo calculation, the KENO code was selected, for which the Hansen-Roach library is often used, and a simple PI approximation was applied to scattering. The number of energy groups in the Hansen-Roach library, e.g., 16, is too small to satisfy requirement 1 above, and is especially inadequate for calculation of thermal neutron behavior. A simple P.l approximation used in KENO-IV is also inadequate to satisfy requirement 3 above. Taking this into consideration, the cross-section library and treatment of scattering of KENO-IV were improved. 

This step is completed by trained observers who are, in most cases, fellow workers. These observers are not intent upon finding fault or blaming workers for their safety behaviors, but to document the rate at which workers perform tasks in a safe manner or in an at-risk fashion. The observations usually take 10 to 15 minutes. The data sheets developed by the steering committee should be the guide and specify the expected behaviors. These observations are strictly conducted under the conditions that no names are used and no blame is placed. These observations are best when peer-to-peer observations are performed and feedback can be given immediately. Observation data is entered into a database for analysis and problem solving. This approach builds a sense of ownership in this type of safety program. 

Due to their reactivity with electrolyte solutions, especially in the charged state, the most useful thermal behavior testing (e.g., DSC) of the candidate cathode materials occurs in the presence of electrolyte. Below, the results of a comprehensive study done by MacNeil et al. [9] have been used in preparation of graphs shown in Figs. 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, and 5.7, with several cathode/electrolyte system behavior trends identified and discussed common cathode name abbreviations used in the discussion are listed in Table 5.1. Similar studies are commonly done by the lithium-ion battery manufacturers on various cathode and/or electrolyte materials candidates and are usually treated as a basic introduction to the ARC testing and other safety-related experiments on larger cells (overcharge, nail penetration tests, etc.). 

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