Observer training

The main objective of these techniques is to obtain, from the information of n = Y rii, genuine observations training set), classification rules that can be used to differentiate the k groups and to use these rules to assign new samples test set) into one of k groups. The most frequently used supervised classification methods... 

Outcomes 6 Cieariv defined primary and secondary outcome measures and, when aopiicabte, anv methods used to enhance the Quality of measurements (e.a., muitipie observations, training of assessors). ... 

The EFA Method 9 concerns the visual determination of opacity from emissions from stationary sources. The opacity may be caused by particulates and/or by steam. This method requires a certified observer trained in... 

Required before operating a process except for grandfathering those already involved in operating a process Mix of classroom and field observation Training Department (Documentation requires employee ID, date, and means used to verify understanding.) Training Department... 

Ownership Meetings Observer Course Development Observer Course Review Computer Software Training Observer Training Kickoff Meetings... 

A team of seven expert observers, who received formal training in the observation methodology, collected data. The observer training process involved three major components 1) two days of classroom training and initial observer calibration 2) a day of practice observations during normal line operations and 3) a final day of feedback on practice observations and observer calibration. Purpose-birilt video examples of crews from the airline, flying segments of simulated... 

Data needs should be identified, as well as the procedures for collection. The data requirements are identified through the established performance measures. Examples of data can include accident reports, job observations, training records, etc. 

The u-chart can be used when counting accidents per sample when the sample size varies for each observation (Training Resources and Data Exchange [TRADE] 1995). U-charts are used when it is not possible to have an inspection unit of a fixed size. This chart is also referred to as a standardized chart Quran and Godfrey 1999). A good example of data suited to this chart is the number of lost or restricted workday cases... 

What also needs to be considered is the number of observers who will need to be trained. The area should be capable of being divided up into natural observation areas. The optimal size should be such that an observer can walk around the area, taking observations, in about 10 or 15 minutes. In order to provide cover for things like sickness and holidays we have found that it is desirable to train two observers for each area. (In the case of shift-work there will need to be two observers trained for each shift.)... 

The most commonly reported experience of observers is that they are treated, at least initially, as management spies. This is understandable. Although the workforce will have been briefed that the central element of the scheme is the encouragement of safe behaviour, and that discipline has no part to play, old attitudes and expectations die hard. Such expectations and attitudes are often laid to rest by the observer training courses, but it is obviously impractical to train the whole workforce in one go. Until all the... 

Observer training The behavioural approach to safety can be seen as a technique based on a theory. At one point we had almost come to the conclusion that the technique could be taught, and implemented, without a knowledge of the underlying theory. We were preparing, therefore, to drop the theory part of training and concentrate solely on the technique. Two things convinced us that this was not a desirable course of action. 

An outline of the programme for a typical observer training course, which usually lasts one and a half days, is given in Appendix A. VVhile there may be slight variations in particular circumstances, the objectives of the programme are as follows ... 

PPE Type, size, maintenance, repair, age, storage, assignment of responsibility, purchasing methods, standards observed, training in care and use, rules of use, method of assignment. 

Don t take the concept of reward or positive reinforcement too literally. Fun is positively reinforcing too. Each time your granddaughter stops and looks before crossing the street, try asking her what she sees. This can turn into an observation-training game, as she learns to notice more and more details... 

Jim agrees to go along. As they head for Unit 1, Randy and Jim discuss the fact that soon everyone in the plant, including the site manager and supervisors, will finish observation training and those who volunteer to do so will conduct safety observations. Everyone will be a partner in safety and share responsibility for achieving it. 

You should also do an analysis of when employees are most likely to experience an injury, in terms of both the time of day and the day of the week. This information will be critical in designing your process, as explained below. You may also want to collect data on the extent to which behavior contributes to injuries so that you can create a pie chart such that shown in Figure 1.6. Later, in your kickoff meeting or during observer training, you can include this diagram to help explain why you are implementing this new approach to safety. 

Once you have planned recognition and celebrations to support your safety process, you are ready to plan how you will introduce the process to employees, train observers, and other training that may be important to the success of your process. One of the decisions that you will have to make is whether you will need to have a kickoff meeting (or meetings) to introduce your process. Generally, you will need one unless you have a fairly small site and can get all employees through observer training in a fairly short time. 

Figure 12.1. Typical agenda for the observer-training workshop.

Rollout plans o Kick off meetings o Observer training... 

Ensure employees are trained to conduct observations. A primary goal of the steering committee is to ensure that all employees complete the observer training workshop as quickly as possible. As discussed in Chapter 12, the logistics involved in scheduling this training for aU employees may require that the workshops be... 

After all employees are trained as observers, you can develop a schedule for observers for a month or even a quarter with a simple rotation of all trained observers. During observer training, until you have a significant number of employees volunteering to do observations, you will probably want observers to do observations every week. 

One goal of the safety process was to have all employees trained in conducting observations. However, given the large number of employees, a novel approach to observation training had to be taken. To accomplish our goal, we held train-the-trainer sessions in which we trained 12 area safety representatives on how to conduct observations, manage safety data, create action plans, and dehver feedback. These safety representatives then trained the other employees in their areas. 

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